When combating coronavirus, all the ways of protection are good. Simple masks, bandages and respirators do not guarantee complete safety, but the coal filter helps to reduce the likelihood of infection. Step-by-step instructions with a photo, how do it yourself make a mask with a coal filter, will help better protect against viruses during a pandemic.
Features of the coal filter
Activated coal is used as a sorbent in many industries. The substance finds use in chemistry, industry, medicine, food and pharmaceutical spheres, cosmetology.
Coal has a double action - adsorption and catalytic oxidation. This feature makes it easy to remove organic and chemical pollution from water or air.
Types of filters
Modern means of personal protection of the respiratory organs are divided into 3 classes:
- Grade 1 (FFP1) is represented by disposable respirators with a filter layer. The filter delays large dispersed elements and dust. Suitable for cleaning home premises and small workshops when contaminated up to 4 PDCs.
- Grade 2 (FFP2) can hold up to 95% air pollution, including dolomite dust, aerosols, finely dispersed elements. Protection tools are used on large production with a high level of air pollution to 12 PDCs.
- Grade 3 (FFP3) gives maximum protection against any particles in the atmosphere - bacteria, fungal disputes, viruses. Thanks to the electrostatic properties of microorganisms, they settle on the protective membrane. A permissible scope - up to 50 MPC.
Protective devices based on activated carbon are produced in 2 types:
- Replacement liners. They are made of several layers of nonwoven material, as a rule, spanbonda or meltball. Between them lay the coal fabric layer. The liner is installed in a special mask or respirator pocket.
- Cartridges. They are containers filled with activated carbon and tissue gasket. Such systems are used in respirators, full-fledged masks and gas masks. The main requirement - gas exchange occurs through the filter, and the mask itself completely closes the respiratory organs and does not let the air.
Since the manufacture of filter-cartridges in domestic conditions is difficult and requires special tools, apply homemade replaceable inserts from coal tissue.
How to make a mask with a coal filter
The manufacture of personal protective equipment with the filter layer is divided into 3 main stages:
- Sewing fabric base.
- Forming a pocket for the filter.
- Installation of the coal filter.
Special attention is paid to the 1st stage, since the appearance of a mask or respirator depends on it, ease of wearing and primary protection against air pollution.
Special distribution have medical disposable masks of harmonica and reusable respirators with interchangeable filters. For homemade, only the 2nd option is suitable for home, as it is expensive to sew a new mask before each exit to the street is expensive and labor.
Production of the base
Before starting work, facial measurements are performed, they select suitable schemes or make changes to already existing ones. The drawing lay the sizes of the coal filter so that it is evenly distributed inside the mask. After preparing the scheme, the sewing mask is proceeded.
Step-by-step instructions for the manufacture of tissue base:
- Patterns are transferred to the fabric. 4 parts are needed. To preserve the attractive type of fabric, the schemes are applied in pairs - direct transfer and mirror-reflected.
- When cutting parts, you retain the allowance to 0.5 cm.
- Details are unfolded on pairs and stitched in the center. As a result, the facial and opposite side of the mask is formed.
- Mask blanks are folded with the front side inside, aligned by the outlined lines.
- If we carry the filter layer, the pocket is formed at the stitching stage. From the residues of the tissue, the part is cut, equal in height and form, but in short, on the edges, not forgetting about the allowance. The layer is laid between the blanks.
- The mask is stitched along long sides. Short parties remain not stolen.
- Through the open short edges, the mask turns out. As a result, the facial side turns out to be outside. Check the reliability and quality of seams. The filter pocket is placed from the wrong side.
- So that the coal filter fully performs its functions, the respirator must close the face as much as possible. To do this, in the upper part of the mask, a metal retainer for a nose or wire along the contour is sewn.
- Long edges are firmware again to fix the metal elements.
- Short edges are twice resulting, forming the likeness of the scenes. In the slices, they make a rubber band, measure the desired length and tie her ends to the node.
Tissue base is ready and suitable for reusable. Even in the absence of a filter, the mask is better cleaning the air due to an additional layer of fabric.
The video shows a master class on making a respirator with a comfortable pocket and regulating parties:
Factory model of respirators are equipped with air release valves. This allows you to reduce the contamination of the filter layer and relieve breathing. In improvised projects such a system is difficult to implement. The tissue base is soft and does not allow to securely fix the valve.
Despite this, the homemade respirator with an additional layer as a filter will be protected not worse than the factory analogues.
Installing the filter
The last step is to install a coal filter. If the respirator is made with the size of the liners, then there will be no problems. The fabric is removed from the packaging and lay the mask in the pocket and align so that it completely overlap the respiratory area.
How to make a carbon filter
But after announcement of the coronavirus pandemic and announcement of quarantine measures, it became difficult to purchase coal filters of factory production. They are completely absent on sale or are several times more expensive than the original price.
In order not to remain without protection in a difficult quarantine time, the folk craftsmen offer to make a filter layer with their own hands. Before starting work, we want to note that such filters did not pass clinical trials. Their effectiveness has not been proven.
Step-by-step instructions for manufacture:
- 6 layers of nonwoven material in the sizes of the mask are prepared. For example, Spanbonda. It is sold in horticultural stores.
- Several of the activated carbon tablets are thoroughly crushed and are evenly distributed between the layers of spunbond.
- The workpiece is stitched along the edges.
- So that the coal does not reflect, the filter is flashed along and across. The more the lines will be done, the evenly the coal will be distributed during wearing.
- If necessary, hang edges, without damaging areas with coal.
Welding Mask Rules with Filter
The features of the use of respirators with a filter layer are not much different from the general rules of wearing. Each owner of such a means of protection must remember and fulfill simple recommendations:
- The respirator must completely close the nose, mouth and chin. To adjust the mask from above, special metal inserts use.
- A medical mask in the form of harmonica is easily unfolded, completely closing the lower part of the face.
- During wearing, it is impossible to touch the surface with your hands.
- Disposable masks after use are disposed of. Reusable respirators wash with soap solution or processed by antiseptics.
- Coal liner filters are disposable devices. They are not to be washed, but can be processed by antiseptics to extend the life.
- After removing the mask with the filter, it is important to carefully wash your hands with soap. In the absence of such an opportunity - to handle the antiseptic.
Photo and step-by-step instructions, how to make a mask with a coal filter with your own hands, will help each person to protect against coronavirus or high dusty air. Even in the absence of protective equipment on sale, you can provide yourself with self-made masks and respirators. Share in the comments with your impressions from using such SIZOD.
