Abazali abaningi banakekela ukondla izingane zabo ukudla okunempilo kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi hlobo luni lwengozi luyizingubo ezingafanele ezivela eChina. Ekuqaleni, izingane eziningi azikhombisi ukusabela okubonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, ithonya lamakhemikhali ezingutsheni ezinjalo isikhathi eside noma ngobuningi obukhulu kwabanye kungadala ukusabela komzimba, ukuqubuka noma izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Kwezinye izimo, iKhomishini Yezokuphepha Kwezimpahla Zabathengi (i-CBST), i-Federal United States Inhlangano, ehlola imikhiqizo efana nezingubo zezingane, ingabe ivumelanisa imikhiqizo eyingozi. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo eminingi idlula enganakwa. Ama-Customs Official ahlola ubuthi obuthile kuphela, ngenkathi ikhomishini (CST) ebheka ingxenye encane yemikhiqizo ngesabelomali kanye nemikhawulo yabasebenzi.
I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu we-Textile imikhiqizo yezindwangu, noma kunjalo, abakhiqizi baseChina akuwona kuphela amacala. Izinkampani eziningi emhlabeni wonke zinikeza ukukhiqizwa kwazo ukuletha emazweni anezindleko eziphansi kanye nabasebenzi abashibhile ukuthola inzuzo ephezulu. Imikhawulo yezokwelapha kula mazwe ajwayele ukungabi namandla futhi ivumele imikhiqizo yamazwe omhlaba ukuthi isebenzise amakhemikhali ayingozi ukucubungula nokupenda izingubo.
Ngezansi kungamakhemikhali ayi-5 angaba yingozi atholwe ezingutsheni, akhiqizwa eChina.
1. ukuhola
Injongo: Abakhiqizi abasebenzisa ukuhola bathola imikhiqizo ebulalayo. Ukuhola kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa izimbobo ezipendiwe ngokugqamile nemidwebo ezimpahleni.
Umthelela emzimbeni: Ngokwesikhungo sokulawulwa nokuvimbela izifo, okuqukethwe okuholayo ngokweqile kungathinta cishe noma yiluphi uhlelo emzimbeni. Futhi njengoba azikho izimpawu ezisobala zemiphumela yazo elimazayo empilweni, zivame ukungazinaki. Ngokusho kweMayo Foundation (Mayo), etheleleke eMfundweni Yezokwelapha kanye nocwaningo, ukuhola kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 kungathinta kakhulu ukukhula kwabo kwengqondo nangokomzimba.
Isibonelo: Ngo-Ephreli walo nyaka, insizakalo ye-Federal Federal Customs iboshelwe izimbambo zezingubo zezingane ezipinki ezingeniswa eChina ngenxa yokuqukethwe okweqile kokuhola. Izimpahla zacekelwa phansi ngokuya ngomthetho ezintweni eziyingozi. Ngokufanayo, ngoMashi, abaphathi bamasiko babamba izikhwama eziyizinkulungwane eziningana ezikhiqizwe eChina nasezikhwameni zezingane zezindawo zokudla ezingenama-ballacal ezinama-zipper.
2. NFF (Eetoxylate Nonyphenol neNonyPphenol)
INJONGO: I-NFF imvamisa yenzeka ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa izimboni ezisetshenziselwa ukugeza izindwangu.
Umthelela emzimbeni: Ngokusho kwe-American Agency yokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuqongelela izicubu zomzimba, i-NFF ingaphazamisa umsebenzi wama-hormone futhi iholele ezinkingeni ngokuthuthuka kwemisebenzi yokuzala.
Isibonelo: Ngo-2013, i-Greenpeace non-unhlangano okungeyona uhulumeni, esekelwe e-United States, imemezele imiphumela yocwaningo lwezikhungo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza izimpahla zezingane eChina. Lezi zikhungo zikhiqiza ama-40% wezingubo zezingane zezwe lonke, ingxenye enkulu yayo ethunyelwa ezifundeni ezinjenge-United States. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo yonke imikhiqizo iqukethe izinto ezi-nuf.
3. Ama-FTTAASATES
Injongo: Ngokwezikhungo zokulawula nokuvimbela izifo, zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amapulasitiki asetshenziselwa ukwenza okuguquguquki kakhulu futhi kusebenze kanzima. I-Phthalates ikhona ezintweni eziningi zasendlini, ezisukela ezihlalweni ekuphaketheni ukudla kanye nezimonyo. Embonini yezindwangu, zivame ukwenzeka ekuphrintweni kwe-plastisol, izinto zenjoloba ezisetshenziselwa ukudala izithombe nama-logo kuma-t-shirts.
Umthelela emzimbeni: Njengama-endocrine abhubhishele, ama-phthalates angaphazamisa izinga lama-hormone futhi afake isandla ekuveleni komdlavuza webele nebele.
Isibonelo: Ekutadisheni okushiwoyo kweGreenpeace yezikhungo ze-Chinese Textile, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezifo eziphezulu kwatholakala kumasampula amabili athathwe.
4. I-PFC (amakhemikhali ahleliwe futhi ane-polyfluoride)
Injongo: Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa ukuze kudaleke ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimpahla ezinjengama-rackets emvula nezicathulo.
Umthelela emzimbeni: Ngokwe-National Institute of Ecology kanye nemvelo yase-US, ezifundweni zethonya lezilwane ze-PFC, ukwephulwa komsebenzi ojwayelekile womsebenzi we-endocrine unokuncipha kwemisebenzi yamasosha omzimba, kanye Umthelela omubi esibindini nasemisebenzini ye-pancreatic. Okwamanje, umphumela emzimbeni womuntu awuqondakali ngokuphelele, kepha inhlanganisela ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali angenhla aholele ezifweni zezinso kanye nomdlavuza.
Isibonelo: Omunye Umbiko weGreenpeace wango-2014 wabikwa ukuthi afundele izingubo ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nambili zezingane nezinsana, ingxenye yesithathu yazo ekhiqizwa eChina. Ochwepheshe benhlangano babhikishe izinhlobo ezinhlanu zamakhemikhali asetshenziswa njalo embonini yezindwangu. Omunye wabo - I-PFH - yatholakala ngokushesha emikhiqizweni eminingana yokuhlola. Futhi enye i-adidas eyodwa yokubhukuda iqukethe izinto ze-PFC ezingaphezu kwalokho ezivunyelwe yizinkambiso zomkhiqizi uqobo.
5. I-formaldehyde
INJONGO: I-FormayDehyde itholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla zezomnotho, ezifana nama-shampoos kanye nezimonyo, kanye nasezintweni zokwakha nefenisha. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezindwangu ukunikeza imikhiqizo izakhiwo ukuthi angazichithile, futhi okusiza ukugwema ukuqongelela amagciwane kanye nesikhunta kumafolda ezinto zokugqoka ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Umthelela emzimbeni: Ngokusho kweNational Institute of Inethi Cancer, isikhathi eside se-formaldehyde singadala isicanucanu, sivutha emehlweni, ekhaleni nasemphinjeni, ukukhwehlela kanye nokucasuka kwesikhumba. Yize le nto yamakhemikhali ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-carcinogen, kubantu abaningi ukusabela kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthi i-formalicyde ingadala i-allrgic dermatitis.
Isibonelo: Ngo-2010, ucwaningo olwenziwe ngokubhekwa nguHulumeni waseMelika waseMelika lwembule imikhiqizo ethile yezindwangu ngedlula imigomo evumayo ngokuya nge-formaldehyde. Lo mbiko ufake imikhiqizo enjalo ekhiqizwa eChina, njengezigqoko zabafana abancane, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-formaldehyde kwakungamayunithi angama-20,000,000 ku-100,000,000, okudlula okuphindwe kabili. Ngabantu abazwela kakhulu abaphethwe yi-Dermatitis yokuxhumana, okweqile kokuqukethwe kwamakhemikhali amayunithi angama-30 kuphela asengadala ukusabela komzimba.
Amathiphu wabazali
1. Gwema imikhiqizo, akwenzeki, azikho amabhu asabayo, amelana nokugqoka, kanye nokugwema okuvumayo.
2. Khetha izingubo ezenziwe ngemikhiqizo yemvelo (hemp, ukotini we-organic, ifilakisi, isilika noma uboya), njengoba imikhiqizo yokwenziwa ingadala ukusabela komzimba. Futhi, okuthandwayo kufanele kunikezwe ngokotini we-organic ngaphambi kokujwayelekile, ngoba okugcina kuvame ukukhula kusetshenziswa inani elikhulu lamanyolo.
3. Shintsha izingubo kaningi, xhumana ngqo nesikhumba.
4. Zama ukungahlali kude nezimbadada, amabhuzu noma izicathulo zemvula, ezenziwe ngokugcwele ngenjoloba noma zepulasitiki.
5. Gwema izinto ngezithombe ezifakiwe usebenzisa ukuphrinta kwe-plastisol.
6. Naka izitolo ezithengisa izingubo ezivela ezintweni zemvelo.
7. Faka izingubo ezintsha ngaphambi kokukubeka.
Umthombo