Abaningi bethu bathola imishini yokuthunga emishini yakudala esetshenziswa ogogo bethu abakhulu - abakhulu. Abanye banesihloko esine-suirtcase enohlelo lwesikhathi se-socialism athuthukile, kanye nesikhathi sangaphambi kokuguqulwa egalaji noma egumbini lokuphamba. Ama-antiqualys ajabule ukuthenga lezi zimoto, ebanikeza imali encane, kepha ungagijimeli ukuqeda le nkutha - ungazisola.
Eminyakeni engama-30 kuya kwengama-40 edlule, ipotimende elenziwe ngokhuni elinesisindo esinesembozo esiyindilinga cishe lalisemndeni yonke futhi nomaphi lapho angcwatshwa njengomqondo weso. Akumangazi, ngoba ngaphansi kwekhwalithi ephezulu, embozwe nge-lacquer plywood, isihloko sasicashile, esasingesibili ngemuva kwenani le-TV - Umshini wokuthunga wemanyuwali we-podolsky isitshalo semishini.
Kusebuntwaneni, le divayisi emangazayo, eyabonakala inzima futhi iyathakazelisa ngendlela emangalisayo, ingabhekwa njengende. Ukugoba okubushelelezi kwecala elikhulu, i-chrome yokuhlobisa i-ornament eyinkimbinkimbi, ipushelwe esibukweni esikhazimulayo ngezandla zogogo futhi, empeleni, indlela yokuthunga uqobo ngenaliti iyingozi, ayiqondakali, kepha iyakhanga njengezibuthe .
Imishini yesimanje yokuthunga, i-automatic ne-autory kumanothi ayilungele "abanikazi abasha. Kepha kwavelaphi ngemikhiqizo yeSoviet Mechanical Plant kangaka lezinhlaka nangesitayela esihle?
Zonke izinto ezilula - imishini yokuthunga yasePodolsk izuza ifa kanye nemikhiqizo yangaphambi kokuguqula futhi iyikhophi enembile yemishini edumile yokuthunga yaseMelika yeFender yaseMelika. Ukuchuma kwenkampani ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yokuthunga kwehle ngokuchuma kwesimanje, futhi lesi sitayela esimangazayo sabeka ukuphrinta emikhiqizweni ngokwenza ubuhle kakhulu.
UZinger ukhiphe umshini wawo wokuqala ngo-1851, futhi ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10 kuphela, imikhiqizo yawo yayazi emhlabeni wonke. Imfihlo yempumelelo yayise, okokuqala, njengoba imishini yokuthunga ekhiqizwayo, kanye nokuthengiswa okusebenzayo kwama-franchises, okusize ngesikhathi esifushane ukunqoba imakethe yamazwe amaningi athuthukile.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX, iqembu "leNkampani" livela esifundeni saseMoscow. Enhlanganweni yokukhiqiza eMbusweni WaseRussia, inkampani yaseMelika yahlengwa yisakhiwo sezwe eZahudoval Town Podolsk, inani lalapho lalinabantu abangama-5,000 kuphela. Umhlaba lapha ubeshibhile, futhi ukudlula edolobheni lensimbi ebibhilintshi kakhulu ukulethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa nokuthumela imikhiqizo eqediwe.
Ngokushesha lesi sitshalo saphenduka ebhizinisini elinamandla kakhulu eYurophu ukukhishwa kwemishini yokuthunga. Ngo-1914, inkampani yakhiqiza amayunithi wemikhiqizo angama-600,000 emikhiqizo, eyayenziwa emhlabeni wonke. ERussia kuphela, izitolo ezingama-3 000 zasebenza ngempumelelo. Sithumele imishini yokuthunga kanye neposi - uku-oda isimangaliso saseMelika sobuchwepheshe, esikhiqizwe yiMoscow, kungaba ngisho naseShalin.
I-Co, Japan, iPheresiya - Abathengi kula mazwe base belungele ukulinda imoto eyayigugule izinyanga. Isilinganiso sokukhiqiza sasibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba lapho kuphela iRussia yaba umkhiqizi wesibili wemishini yokuthunga ngemuva kwe-United States, enenzuzo engama-63.5 million ama-ruble.
Ifektri ngo-1915
... nanamuhla
Igatsha laseRussia leNkampani lakwazi ukukhokhela ihhovisi likanokusho eSt. Petersburg ngethemba le-nevsky. Isakhiwo sashaywa njengezikhathi zaso hhayi kuphela ngobuhle baso, kodwa futhi nangezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe - kwakungamampunge, kanye nokuhlanza iqhwa kusuka ophahleni kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lesi sakhiwo futhi namuhla sijabule ngeso - likulo ukuthi ihhovisi elikhulu lenkampani "VKontakte" litholakala.
Ngemicimbi yezinguquko zango-1917, isitshalo se-podolsky sama. Ngenhlanhla, imishini yebhizinisi yasinda ekuguqukeni okubili kanye nempi yombango, eyayenza ukuba iphinde iqale ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yokuthunga ngo-1923. Imikhiqizo manje ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezimpawu zokuthengisa "PMZ" (PODOLSKY Mechanical Plant) kanye "GoszWEUG".
Umshini wokuthunga owenziwe ngabaqambi baseMelika waphumelela kangangokuba kwaqunjelwa amashumi amaningana eminyaka engashintshiwe. Ngisho nokwakheka akushintshile - "amaphethini" wesimanjemanje okuqala kwekhulu lama-20 kwaba imfanelo yamaphondo lamadivayisi wePodolsk.
Izinganekwane eziningi zihambisana nemishini "umculi". Omunye wabo, odume kakhulu, edume kakhulu, okusolwa ukuthi ubuholi benkampani echuma, ngendlela, kuze kube namuhla, kumemezele ukukhokhwa komholo ngemishini yokuthunga eqala kuyunithi.
Akekho umuntu owake wabona ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kwalesi sitatimende, kepha i-antiquary yaqala ukuthenga imishini yokuthunga yenkampani ngaphandle koxolo ngaleli fempestos nangendlela. Kusezoba amahlebezi wokuthi amasu amadala wokuthunga ahlenge aqhamuka ezigidini ezingama-30 kuya kwayi-1. Kuliqiniso, indaba nge- "Serialings" ayizange iphele nganoma yini, ishiye abalandeli bendawo yezitaki ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kodwa baphelelwe ngokuziphatha eminyakeni eminingi edlule.
Enye inganekwane ehambisana nokuqukethwe kwemikhiqizo yensimbi ye-Palladium Rare-Earth kumamodeli okuqala, okubaluleke kakhulu kunegolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamahemuhemu ngokuqukethwe kwabanye "i-mercury ebomvu" enalalini yomshado "umculi" wakudala "umculi" wakudala, omelela inani elikhulu.
Noma ngabe kwakuyini - imishini yokuthunga yomkhiqizo waseMelika isakwaziswa kuze kube manje futhi izindleko zazo eminyakeni edlule zikhula kuphela. Ngakho-ke, uma ngabe wakuthola ngengozi lokhu kuvunyelwa okujabulisayo ekhaya, ungagijimeli ukuqeda - ngemuva kwesikhathi kuzokwaziswa kakhulu.
Umthombo