Umbhali: Mendicheva Marina Amomova.
Izinto zokwakha kanye nemishini:
- I-Pillew-Roller;
- Ama-cockles (ama-4 ama-PC.);
- Chop;
- Izikhonkwane zesiNgisi;
- Yima;
- Imigqa;
- Ubuhlalu, amafutha;
- Ucezu lwe-wire - i-twirtitAtor.
Ukuluka kwe-cockcline - i-hairhathi kusuka ku-pleet
Isingeniso sesihloko.
I-Lace ngumhlobiso okhethekile ovulekile owenziwe yimicu ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene futhi ekhona ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kwesizinda solukiwe. I-Lace ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo lokwenziwa. Kunamasu amaningi nezindlela zokugoba nokuluka intambo. Nazi eziphambili:
• I-Manual Embroidered Lace / Embroidery /
• inaliti i-lace / ukuthunga /
• I-Ribbon Lace / Ukuthunga /
• Ama-Basens / Ukuluka /
• I-Coplushny Lace / Ukuluka / Ukuluka /
• IMacrame / umhlangano /
• I-Frivitis / isithombe /
• I-Crochet Lace / Looping /
• I-Lace yavuma ukugwazwa / ukufuya /
Izinyawo zezintambo ku-COCLUSKKI- Ubuciko bokuluka iphethini evulekile kusuka kumicu enezitulo ezincane zamapulangwe - amathangi aqala ukukhula kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwezikhonkwane zensimbi. Ubufakazi balokhu izikhumbuzo eziningi ze-wicker lace, izithombe zalo emifanekisweni nemidwebo ngabaculi. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi (1557) - Ama-chip on the kwesikhumba ayagcinwa.
I-European Lace-Art. Kuvele ekuqaleni kwamakhulu e-XV-XVI amakhulu e-Italy. Lapho-ke isikhungo senhlangano ye-lace sathuthela eFlanders, ikakhulukazi kuya eBrussels, lapho lwaqala khona ukwenza mncane kakhulu, i-airbrum lace kusuka imicu yelineni yekhwalithi ekhethekile. Kudingeka ukuthi i-Flax yakhula kuphela emikhakheni ye-bramte.
Ekhulwini le-XVII, eFrance, izinhlobo ezahlukene zentambo zavela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuluka, kuya ngendalo, "Brussels", "Malin"
"Valencienna".
Ngokusho kokucatshangwa komculi ohlonishwayo weRussia Federation D.A. Ubuciko be-smirnaya bokuluka imibala yokulinganisa imibala eRussia eRussia, eRyazanchin, cishe kwikhulu le-XII. "Izikhonkwane" ezivinjezeli lapho uluka izintambo zezitshalo, amathambo ezinkunzi, izinti zokhuni, njll. Futhi kwikhulu le-XTV eRyazanchin, kwakhiwa ama-coclushki.
Eminye imithombo eRussia, i-lace laave yaqhamuka entshonalanga yeYurophu ngekhulu le-19. Emabhukwini asebukhosini, amalansi enziwe ngendlela ye-firmware evela entanjeni yegolide neyesiliva), edwetshwe ngombala obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ihlotshiswe nge-sequins lace, ama-asterisks. U-Lace, imbewu nenoveli pearl, i-lace nePoham ayaziwa. I-Silk Lace kanye ne-linen filament elula. I-lace ebizayo yahlanganiswa kahle nezindwangu zokubopha. I-lace enjalo yayiwuphawu lwengcebo nokunethezeka. Kwakusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa i-Parade Royal, ababangelayo kanye nezingubo zesonto, izinto zokucophelela kwezwe. Amasampula amaningi amahle alezi zilo lawo asagcinwa eminyuziyamu.
Kucatshangelwa kusuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu ekhulu le-XVII Century, iRussia La Sway ayigcinwanga kuphela futhi yathuthukisa amasiko amahle kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu, kodwa futhi yaba yinto yangempela yobuciko bezobuciko, ukwehlukana kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe Amasu futhi, ikakhulukazi, imvelo ebonakalayo yesici somhlobiso sayo yonke into yobuciko babantu baseRussia.
Endaweni ngayinye, edume ngobuciko be-laashing lace, kanye namasu ajwayelekile wokuthola iphethini evulekile, athuthukise izici zawo zomhlobiso, umbala, izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokwenza iphethini. Ngokwehlukaniswa kwelezo eqinisweni lokubulawa kwalombhangqwana, ngezinombolo, ukuhlanganiswa kuhlukaniswa yiminye indawo yokukhiqiza - iVelologda, Yeeletskoy, vyatka noma i-kyavskoye, i-ryazan noma uMikhailovskoye nabanye abaningi.
Namuhla, ukusatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwegolide kubuyelwe kwimfashini - kusuka ku- "Lurex", "iMetanit" Threads, kuzalwa i-lace enhle. Kepha ngisho nasemicu yezimpawu ezilula kakhulu - ukotini, i-moulin, ama-ducts angakha imikhiqizo emihle. Lokhu kungubuhle obukhethekile be-lace-haired - izinto ezishibhile, ezingabizi, amathuluzi futhi ngenxa yezinto ezinothile zokunethezeka.
Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi kungumsebenzi omude, obuhlungu kakhulu, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo ye-lace ibiza kakhulu.
Ingxenye engokoqobo.
1. Ukufihla intambo ku-coup. Umthetho oyinhloko: Isigcawu ngakwesokunene, intambo ngakwesobunxele bese isuka phansi kokukhwehlela.
2. Kuyadingeka ukufihla intambo ku-mass eyodwa, bese kuthi uhhafu womoya uye kwelinye. Sizolunga nini, lungisa intambo ye-loop.
3. I-Pillow-roller isethwe kwisiteji bese ucindezela iphini nge-PIN. Womabili la mabili aphansi alenga enaliti lokuqala. Ubude bentambo elisuka enaliti kuya kubakhulumi liyefana, cishe ngo-7 - 10 cm.
4. I-Essay - ukukhwehlela kwangaphakathi kuguqula izindawo. Isikhundla sangaphakathi isandla sokudla sibe ngaphansi kokukhwehlela kwangaphakathi kwesandla sobunxele.
5. Dlulisa - shintsha ama-bumps esandleni ngasinye. I-Cocktle ngakwesokunene (ngakwesokunene nangakwesobunxele) iguqukela ohlangothini lwesobunxele, sisiza ngesithupha.
6. Okulandelayo futhi, senza okusongekile futhi saphelela. Sibeka inaliti phakathi kwababili imicu (yenza imikhumbi).
Ngemuva kwezinaliti eziyi-10, ziqala ngesekhondi, ungazikhipha uzisebenzise ukuze uqhubeke nokuluka.
Ama-Pleos akhala endaweni yokuthola ubuhlalu (Qaphela ukuthi ukuqala kwethiphu ukuphela kwentambo).
7. Sibandakanya intambo eyenziwe ekhaya, sigibela ubuhlalu bese sidonsa loop ngokusebenzisa ubuhlalu.
8. Faka i-coup yesibili ku-loop ephumela, sisusa isidlaliso bese sidonsa i-loop emuva. Ubuhlalu buhleliwe.
9. Siqhubeka nokuluka kuze kube sekupheleni kobude bezintambo.
10. Bopha i-nodule, lungisa okwesibili bese usika intambo.
11. Umkhiqizo usulungile. Ngezinwele zezinwele "ama-pigtails ase-Afrika" kuyadingeka ukuluka izintambo ezingama-35 - 40.
Umthombo