Qaphela. Lesi sihloko sisebenzisa amagama anemibandela.
Ngokuthenga indlu eqediwe, umnikazi omusha kuzo zonke izimo ubhekana nekati esikhwameni. Futhi akunandaba, kusha ngalesi sakhiwo noma esidala kabusha. Abakhi baphuza futhi balungise izindawo ezindlini nezindlu ezizimele ngesikhathi esifushane, esihlala sithinta ukuqina nokuqina kwabo. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi izimbangela zokubukeka, ukuqhekeka kuyinto evamile futhi ethembekile yezakhiwo zamatshe nezinhlaka. Kuzoba ngamacala anzima kakhulu walezi zinkinga ezingathandeki neziyingozi - imifantu yezakhiwo, esebenza njengezimpawu ngokubukeka kokuhamba kwezinto ezithwala. Ukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuqhekeka, kufanele uyeke ukuhambisa nokulungisa izinto, bese ulungisa futhi "afihlwe".
Qaphela. Ukuqhekeka ekugcineni akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba khona kwezinkinga zezinto ezibonakalayo zodonga. Kuyadingeka ukuqiniseka ukuthi impahla yenethiwekhi yonakele, isuse ingxenye yokuqeda nokudalula indawo enephutha ukuze ibonwe.
Ake sihambe emcabangweni futhi sicabangele amacala amathathu ajwayelekile wokufika kokuhamba kwezinto: ukuwa, ukuqhekeka kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesandiso.
Bhodloka
Endabeni yokuwa, izindonga nama-engeli anokuphambuka okubonakalayo kusuka kwangaphandle kwangaphandle, kwesinye isikhathi kuyamangaza. Izindonga nazo zingavikelwa noma zihlushwe yindawo yonke. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuhambisana nokubonakala kwemifantu emakhoneni aphezulu emnyango nokuvulwa kwefasitela.
Ngokwezinga lokumboza, ukuwa kungaba:
Kugcwele. Konke ukuthwala izindonga zangaphandle kukhubazeke ngamazinga ahlukahlukene.
Akuphelele (okuyingxenye). Ezinye izindonga zikhubazekile.
Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, noma ngabe kukhona kuphela odongeni okodonga, sincoma ukusebenzisa i-screed yokuvimbela kusuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ukuvikela ukuthuthukiswa kokuhamba kwezinye izindonga.
Ngokuya ngezinga lokuwa kwezindonga, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ngokujula. Sihlukanise ngokwejwayelekile ngokwehluka kwezigaba ezintathu - ukukhanya, okuphakathi nokuqinile, futhi angitshele ukuthi yini okufanele ngifake isicelo esimweni ngasinye.
Ukuwa okukhanyayo
Izibonakaliso
Izindonga zezindonga zikhubazeke kakhulu esizeni kuya ku-1/3 ubude odongeni (ngaphandle kokuphakama kwesisekelo). Imifantu emakhoneni okuvuleka ngo-50% wamacala. Izingxenye ezisele zodonga nezisekelo zijwayelekile (ngaphandle kwemifantu, ukuwohloka).
Dala
Kwenzeka ngenxa yokungathembeki noma ukungabikho kwe-armophoyas, ukugcwala kophahla, lapho kuqalisa phansi phansi izindonga ezindala.
Qaphela. Iphutha elivame kakhulu eliholela ekugcwalisweni ngokweqile kophahla ngumthwalo weqhwa ongafundile.
Indlela Yentuthuko
Kulokhu, ngoba osongelwe izindonga, kunengqondo ukufaka i-monocoose yensimbi (lapha - intambo) ezitobhini ezikhona. Ngasikhathi sinye, njengazo zonke izimo zokusebenzisa imigoqo ehlukahlukene, ukugcwala kuzodlula ngaphandle kwe-facade yezindonga ezivunayo ezimi ngendlela yoxande. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukwenza ukunyakaza kwezobuchwepheshe kokufisa ezindongeni zokuhlaselwa.
Yini ezothatha:
Ekhoneni lensimbi 100x100 mm (ubuncane 75x75) - 4 m.
Ipayipi 1 inch - 1 m.
Stud ngentambo 20 mm - 4 m.
Amantongomane nabahlanzi ngaphansi kwesithende.
Zungelezela (induku yensimbi) ngobubanzi obungu-20 mm noma ibha 40x4 mm - ubude bendlu yendlu.
Ukushiswa, imibala.
Qaphela. Akufuneki ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kwezinto ezifutheka, ngoba akwenzelwe umsebenzi wangaphandle futhi kungaphansi kokugqwala.
Ungawenza kanjani isitobha se-angular: ekhoneni lensimbi engu-100x100 mm ubude, lilingana nebanga ukusuka ku-vertex yodonga phezulu kwefasitela, kanye nokuncishiswa kwepayipi le-150 mm kufakwa.
Inani lezitobhu lilingana nenombolo yama-angles (4).
Ukuhleleka komsebenzi:
Izinduku (imivimbo) zifakwe amaqabunga amabili aqinile ubude ezindongeni zendlu kususa ama-200 mm (ngokuqiniseka).
Ngemuva kwalokho ama-studs anesiphelo samahhala sama-200 mm afakwa emaphethelweni.
Ama-studs ahlelwe emashubhu bese izikrini zifakwa phakathi kwazo phakathi.
Lonke design lihlangene emhlabeni futhi lilungiswe ekuphakameni okudingekayo.
Ukuqiniswa kwamantongomane kwenziwa esimweni se-voltage.
QAPHELA! Usebenzisa iziqeshana zensimbi kanye nezinsimbi, khumbula ukuthi zenzelwe ukulungisa izindonga. Umzamo wokubuyisa izindonga esimweni sawo sokuqala ungaphenduka ube yiTrolms nemikhakha.
Idizayini yentambo yensimbi ingahluka. Isibonelo, esimweni sokukhubazeka okufana negagasi, ungafaka isiteshi njengenye, eziningana noma zonke ama-cras amane. Ukufakwa kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe, kepha wonke umthwalo osodongeni uzokwabalalisa ngokulinganayo kanye noSkewler onzima.
Ukuwa Okuphakathi
Izibonakaliso
Zonke izimpawu zokuwa okukhanyayo zisebenza ezingeni lama-50% okuphakama kodonga (ngaphandle kwesisekelo). Amathuba okufakelwa emakhoneni nasemingcele ye-Outlook - 80%.
Dala
Abuthakathaka armphoyas. Ukuntuleka kwezibopho zama-angles kanye nama-masonry ezintweni ezibonakalayo, ukugqokwa okuphezulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ngokweqile.
Indlela Yentuthuko
Kulezi zimo, kuzosetshenziswa ekhoneni eliqinile. Ihlelwe ngokufanayo ngo-Monococoise, kepha ekugcineni kodonga futhi inamabhande amaningi aklebhu. Ngokuwa okuphakathi, kunconyelwa ukuhlela amabhande amathathu.
Kuzo zonke izimo, isiyingi singashintshwa ngentambo yensimbi ye-10x40 mm.
QAPHELA! Umthungo we-Welded kumele ube yikhwalithi enhle (agcina umthwalo). Ukusonteka - 250 mm.
Ukuwa okuqinile
Izibonakaliso
Zonke izimpawu eziphakathi nokukhanya, kepha ezingeni elingaphezu kwama-50%. Esikhathini esiningi samacala, ehambisana nokubonakala kokujula, kwesinye isikhathi kuvulekile, imifantu ezindongeni nasesisekelweni.
Dala
Imvamisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwesisekelo noma isisekelo sihlangene nezimbangela zokuwa nokukhanya okuphakathi nendawo. Ingahle ihambisane nokubhujiswa okuyingxenye kwesisekelo.
Indlela Yentuthuko
Ukulungiswa, kusetshenziswa isiqeshana esiqinile se-angular kanye nodonga olugciniwe (okujwayelekile) noma ibhande elicashile lesisekelo.
Udonga olugcinayo noma ingxenye engezansi iyingxenye yenzuzo esetshenziswa endaweni ekhubazekile.
I-Exterend Belt iyinto yokulungisa ukwakheka okwenzelwe ukuthuthukisa izindonga ezikhona zesisekelo ubude bazo. Kusetshenziswa uma kunesidingo ukuqinisa isisekelo. Izinto ezibonakalayo - ukhonkolo oqinisiwe.
Insiza yesihloko. Cabanga ngesibonelo sendawo ekhoneni. Ibhande eliqinile lanelisekile ngendlela efanayo.
Okokuqala udinga ukunquma ubukhulu be-backpage. Ukube bekufanele sisebenzise izinyathelo ezinjalo ezinamandla, kusho ukuthi ukubalwa kwemithwalo sekuhlwile, ikakhulukazi njengoba isisekelo esikhona sisale ndawo. Ngakho-ke, senza lula ukubalwa ekuqondisweni kokwandisa isitoko sokuphepha. Ubukhulu besigatshana kufanele bube ngu-50% wobukhulu besisekelo, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwama-400 mm. Uma kungenzeka, ezansi kwesisekelo kanye nesisekelo kufanele kube sezingeni elilodwa. Isilinganiso esifanelekile sengxenye engenhla emhlabathini ngaphansi komhlaba oyisithathu ngaphezulu komhlaba, 2 kwezintathu ngaphansi komhlaba.
QAPHELA! Ama-Pruts of ukuqiniswa kuma-angles kufanele aqine (agobile ku-90 °). Uhlangothi oluncane lwe-backpage ekhoneni luwugqinsi oluntathu lwebhodi eceleni.
Ukuhleleka komsebenzi:
Sigingqa indawo elonakalisiwe futhi sihlanza umsele. Sihlanza udonga lwesisekelo kusuka kumafutha nasezinhlanzweni ezingenzi manzi.
Sisondla odongeni lwesisekelo somgodi onobubanzi be-18 mm ekujuleni kwama-200 mm ku-checkerboard ngesinyathelo sika-200 mm.
Sishayela izikhonkwane eziqinisiwe nge ububanzi obungu-16 mm nobude obulingana nobukhulu be-backpage kanye ne-200 mm (eqhutshwa odongeni) kususa ama-40 mm (ungqimba oluvikelayo).
Sibopha ucingo oludonswayo ezihlolweni zokufakelwa okusebenzayo nge-16 mm ngesinyathelo sika-200 mm.
Senza ama-10 mm ukusuka ekuqinisweni kwama-clamps angu-10 mm abunjiwe ngosayizi we-beam (isikhundla esingemuva) 600x360x600 mm (ubude bendawo yokusebenza ngu-1600 mm) bese uwafaka ngesinyathelo sika-200 mm.
Faka amafomu ngosayizi.
Sibeka ukhonkolo (efektri noma ephekiwe) nge-vibration.
Ngemuva kokugobhoza ukhonkolo (izinsuku ezi-3), sisusa amafomu futhi sisebenzisa amanzi angalibi.
Sikhiqiza i-backstage yenhlabathi nge-tamping bese ufafaza.
Usawoti
Izindonga zigcwele ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Ingahle iphelele noma eyingxenye (engaphelele). Ngamazinga ahlukene okuguquguqukayo (ukukhanya, okuphakathi, okuqinile), kusetshenziswa indlela eyodwa yokumisa.
Qaphela. Ukulungiswa, kuzothatha umsebenzi we-welding ngaphakathi kwekamelo, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwesakhiwo sonke. Nakekela ukuphepha komlilo.
Igumbi eligcwele
Bhala
Izindonga ezintathu nokwengeziwe zigcwele esakhiweni (ngamazinga ahlukahlukene).
Dala
I-armomas ebuthakathaka, ukugqoka okubonakalayo, ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokwakha (isixazululo esibuthakathaka, akukho ukuqiniswa kwama-angles, njll.).
Indlela Yentuthuko
Intambo yensimbi eqinile yokusekela yensimbi (Uhlaka) entabeni yokugcina ekugcineni.
Yini ezothatha:
I-perforator enensundu ngo-18-20 mm.
Scywell 50x100-150 - Ubude obulingana ne-perimeter yezindonga ukuze iqiniswe.
Iplate yensimbi 200x200X3-4 mm (kufika ku-300x300).
I-Armature 16 - 3 udonga oluncane ngohlaka ngalunye lwe-mongon.
I-Welding enhle (Voltage), Umbala.
Inqubo Yokusebenza:
Sinquma uzungu lwezindonga ukuze luqiniswe. Uma kunesidingo, sehlela izimbobo zobuchwepheshe (ngesiteshi) ekwalwini.
Sihlukanisa udonga ngalunye lube yizinyathelo eziseduzane no-600-700 mm (kodwa akusekho okunye). Kusuka ku-angle ngayinye kubuya ½ esiteji.
Isigubhu ngokusebenzisa izimbobo 18-20 mm.
Amapuleti ensimbi ahlukaniswe nge-Perpendicularly Welld izikhonkwane eziqinisa isikhathi eside, alingana nobukhulu bodonga kanye ne-100 mm.
Sisungula i-anchor ephumela ekuvuleni ipuleti ngaphandle.
Ngemuva kokuzama ukusuka ngaphakathi kwesiteshi ngasinye, sikubeke ngaphansi kwezimbobo.
Sishisa i-welding yomgodi ku-chaserler ngaphansi kokuqiniswa.
Hlukana neshelufu elingaphandle le-sherlar sherrer (izolala phansi odongeni).
Faka isiteshi kwizikhonkwane ezigodini.
Bhala izikhonkwane ezigodini.
Ngendlela efanayo, sisungula ukuqhubeka kwe-chavell.
Lapho kufakwa lonke uPerrimeter, Welld isiteshi phakathi kwawo esigabeni futhi senze ukumbozwa kwe-welded kusuka ekuqinisweni okungu-16 - 2 kokuhlanganiswa nge-fastener ka-300 mm.
Ngcono ama-engeli nganoma iyiphi indlela (ukufudumeza).
Inketho ekahle yokuphanga okunjalo uma ivalwa ngophahla olumisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho ungahlela ukugcwala kwe-diagonal. Uma uphahla lokumiswa lungelona iqiniso, ithayi livalwa yibhokisi.
QAPHELA! Amapuleti ngaphandle futhi ahlukaniswe kuwo ukufakwa, ukudlula ngaphakathi kodonga - ibhuloho elinamandla lokubanda futhi lizobhubhisa udonga nge-condensate. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka amapuleti, futhi lonke udonga lungcono.
Ingxenye ethile
Bhala
Oyedwa noma izindonga ezimbili zigcwele.
Dala
Izindonga zitholakala eduze komgwaqo opopayi (nge-tram). Wageza amanzi emkhathini.
Indlela Yentuthuko
Idivaysi yokuvalwa okuyingxenye ngokuya ngomgomo wokuqina. Ingxenye yohlangothi lwe-angle ephazamisekile ilingana nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ubude bodonga olushadiwe, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.5.
Ngokuphuka / amakhefu ahlanganisiwe (lapho izindonga ziphambukiswa ngezindlela ezihlukile), uhlaka lwangaphakathi luyasetshenziswa (okokuqala kwakho konke) kanye ne-screed yangaphandle) ndawonye. Ezimweni ezinzima, zonke izinketho zokuthuthukisa noma inhlanganisela ziyasetshenziswa.
UMnyango Wezengezo
Cabanga okunzima kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye icala elidumile lihlanganisiwe.
Bhala
Ngokusebenzisa ekhoneni elingaphakathi noma okuhlanganiswe ngesandiso esinesakhiwo esikhulu ngokuwa okuphakathi noma okuqinile kodonga lwangaphandle.
Dala
Ukuntuleka kokubopha odongeni lwesakhiwo esikhulu ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesandiso (kuma-90% amacala). Isisekelo esibuthakathaka ngaphansi kwezindonga zesandiso. Ukulayisha ngokweqile (i-superskructure, i-balcony).
Indlela Yentuthuko
Inhlanganisela ye-past, i-semi-eage noma i-anchor cage kanye ne-backrest:
I-Clip - Thrust idlula odongeni lwe-Carriers futhi ilungise (amantongomane, i-welding) ethayiini noma epuletini elingaphakathi kodonga.
Inkantolo ye-semi-slip ngohlangothi olulodwa lolo hlobo, owesibili uhlelwe ngaphandle kwimininingwane yempahla ebanjiswayo.
I-Anchor Cage - I-Thrust ilungiswe ezingxenyeni zempahla ezibalekele ezihlolweni ezindongeni zesakhiwo.
Ungahlela noma iyiphi yalezi zinhlobo usebenzisa imiyalo engenhla.
Imithetho yethegi ye-anchor tag:
Ithayi elinenkani noma ipuleti, elisendaweni ebekwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, akufanele liwele ngaphezulu komnyango.
Izitho ezibolekweni ezindongeni zihlelwe kude ne-1/3 yobude bodonga lokunwetshwa kwe-defled kusuka ekuhlanganiseni kwezindonga, kepha kungabi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Okwencazelo yobubanzi obungu-3 kusuka ku-12 mm, ukujula okungu-2/3 kodonga.
Ngenani lemithwalo yehange lamahora angaphezu kwama-2, ngokuqhekeka ngobude ngemitha engu-1.
Izindonga zesakhiwo esikhulu akufanele zibe nokukhubazeka kanye nemifantu.
I-Sideboard ingahlukana zombili (ngaphansi kodonga lwangaphandle) kanye nalo lonke ubude besekelwe. Kulokhu, i-armature ivinjelwe ekusekelweni kwesakhiwo esikhulu engela.
Imvamisa, izinhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla zenzeka ezindlini ezivela kuMergel noma ngezitini, ezibekwe ngodaka. Ngisho nasendabeni yesigaba sokuqala sokukhubazeka (ukubukeka kwemifantu emincane), sincoma ukusebenzisa i-screed yokuvimbela indlu ekhoneni le-lobs ekhoneni. Khumbula ukuthi noma iyiphi insimbi edlula odongeni egumbini liyibhuloho elibandayo futhi lizothinta kabi udonga lodonga, uma lungabi nalutho olunsundu.
Umthombo