Ingilazi yengoma nelangabi
I-LamGraivk - Awukwazi noyedwa ongakaze uzuze lo mqondo empilweni yakhe futhi akazange ancome ukubukeka kwemihlobiso (hhayi kuphela imihlobiso) eNgilambu. Kubonakala sengathi, ubuhlalu nje ... kepha cha, hhayi ubuhlalu kuphela, hhayi nje ukudalwa ngesandla, kodwa okuwukuphela kwalo futhi okuhlukile ngohlobo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi uphinde wenze ikhophi enembile yomkhiqizo ngisho nesifiso esinamandla kakhulu kanye nezinga eliphakeme lekhono.
I-Astrid Riedel
Yini i-lamplork nokuthi yini "edliwe" ngayo?
ILampOrk - Icebo lobuciko lokucubungula ingilazi, umphumela wayo ukuzalwa kobuhlalu bengilazi noma imikhiqizo enephethini ehlukile nemiphumela ehlukahlukene. Futhi igama layo (kusuka kusibani sesiNgisi - isibani nomsebenzi - umsebenzi) inqubo iphoqelekile ukucubungula okuthile. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamafasitela anamuhla we-Glass Affairs, amakhosi asebenzisa isibani emafutheni ezilwane. Inikeze amazinga okushisa aphansi okumoshanisa, inqubo yendalo yayidinga isikhathi esiningi, umphumela kwakunzima ukubikezela, kanye nezindleko zamarekhodi eshaya umkhiqizo.
UCharles Frederic Ulrich (1858-1908) - Abaculi bakaGlog
I-Red Max, i-Surner yesimanje - njengeFlamethrower encane!
Kuyo yonke le minyaka, umsizi "womculi engilazi - isibani -Praterpel. Izinguquko ezinkulu. Kuqala, ukudala iwizadi, i-wizard imane ihlinzekwa ngeshubhu elikhethekile. Ukuze uguqule, weza ebhulashi labamnyama (Manual, bese unyawo). Ku-Lampwell yanamuhla, kusetshenziswa ama-ovelgen kanye ne-oxygen-propane abashisi, ilangabi lalelo lifinyelela izinga lokushisa lama-800-1200 degrees Celsius. Ubuqhawe be-Palm ekusebenziseni i-hydrogen gesi ilangabi esikhundleni se-Flame Lamp ku-Animal Fat ingeye-Italian Century Master of Domenico Bussolini. Ngenxa yalokhu kutholwa, kwenzeka ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokuvutha bese usheshisa inqubo yokukhiqiza.
Hhayi umfaniswano oshisayo: ithuluzi kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo ze-lampvork
Kunzima ukweqa amandla we-burner ekwakheni ubuhle obuhlukile, kepha namanje inqubo yokudala, inkosi kumele iseningi. Ama-Tops, ama-Tweezers kanye nezitembu zensimbi, isikere, izinaliti, amapulatifomu we-graphite kanye nama-blades, ingubo yokuphindaphindeka kanye nokwehlukaniswa okukhethekile. Kunosizo lwalesi sixazululo ukuthi ubuhlalu bunganamatheli kuMandla - Inaliti lapho i-burner yengilazi incibilikisa ilangabi isilonda futhi kwakhiwa umkhiqizo wesikhathi esizayo. Ukusuka kububanzi beMandrelie kuncike ububanzi bomgodi ezihlathini. Manje umgodi kuphela ebuhlalu akayona njalo.
UMSEBENZI WASEBENZISA WASEBENZISA
Kepha nokho, "okungokomfanekiso" okuyinhloko kwe-lamvork kuyinto engilazi. Izinhlobo zezibuko ezisetshenziswa ekusebenzeni zithambile futhi zihlanganise (ziqinile), futhi isimilo sazo esiyinhloko sisebenzisana ngokunwebeka okushisayo. Umyalo ophambili weWizard kwisibani akusona ukuxuba ingilazi ngenhlamvu ehlukile, ngaphandle kwalokho umkhiqizo uyakhasa.
Ifektri yengilazi ye-Uroboros
I-Multilayer Glass Uroboros - Awekho amashidi afanayo!
Ingilazi esezingeni eliphakeme ethambile, iya kubakhiqizi e-Italy - "I-Effetre" (Moretti) na- "Vetrofond" , eJapan ngeke uthole okungcono "Satake" , nase-United States, imikhiqizo yenkampani iyathandwa "Bullseye" na- "URoboboros Glass Studio" . Labo abathanda ukusebenza ngengilazi ye-borossilte banikeze okuthandayo eMelika "Pyrex", "I-Glass Alchemy" na- "Northstar".
Inkampani yengilazi kugler.
Abakhiqizi abaningi abathole inhlonipho efanelwe kahle abalandeli bengilazi nabathandi bamalambu, basebenze kule mboni emakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, kanye nomlando wokudalwa kwabo kanye nentuthuko ye-Speeted ngemininingwane eminingi efuna ukwazi. Isibonelo, isiko lokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo wengilazi yaseJalimane "LAUSHA" , waqanjwa ngegama elithi ngemuva kwedolobha elincane, lapho ama-glasswall achuma khona kusukela eminyakeni ephakathi, esevele eneminyaka engama-400. IJalimane - i-Motherland kanye nabanye abakhiqizi bengilazi, amagama awo amakhosi e-lampvork ayazi ngaphezu kwalokho, - IRachenbach na- "Imibala yeKugler".
Kunezimfihlo nakwimikhiqizo yase-Italy "I-Effetre" na- "Vetrofond" . Igama lokuqala lengilazi "I-Effetre" - "Moretti" , Ngegama lomnikazi wefektri yengilazi. Leli igama lomndeni wakudala, bonke abathwali bawo (futhi lo ngumndeni obanzi) ohlala esiqhingini saseMurano ngamakhulu amaningana eminyaka uhlanganyele kuphela ngengilazi. Kumele kwenzeni "Vetrofond" ? Uyabuza. Yebo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umndeni wakwaFaminte okwamanje ungumnikazi kanye nale fektri yokukhiqizwa kwengilazi enemibala.
Ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi yeshidi efektri "Bullseye"
Ngendlela, ingilazi isetshenziswa eLampvork, hhayi ngombala kuphela, kodwa futhi nezithasiselo ezisebenzayo ngamakhemikhali. Ishintsha umbala wayo ngokuya ngemodi yokucubungula yokushisa. Enye yalezi zinhlobo iyingilazi equkethe isiliva yemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene - "Double Helix", "Tag", "Ukucacisa" . Kodwa-ke, esiliva kuphela, uhlu lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo nezinto ezisizayo alupheli. Isiliva, igolide, i-foil yethusi, ithusi le-crypper, i-fritis (i-fritis (ingane yengilazi), i-enamel, ama-shards (ama-shards
Izibuko eziqukethe izilinto "Helix Double Helix"
Indoda, ngezindlela eziningi, ngenxa yalo lampork lathola isimo sobuciko, yaba umdwebi waseJalimane uHans Hans gomo Frabel. Ngesikhathi sokuvulwa kwabo ngo-1968, isitudiyo sangasese e-Atlanta (Georgia, e-USA), ingilazi ibingabonakali nakancane ngumphakathi njengensimu yobuciko, engabonwa phezulu. Lesi simo sashintshwa ngokuyisisekelo umbukiso wamazwe omhlaba "ubuciko bengilazi entsha" ka-1978, lapho isithombe esibaziweyo sikaFrabel "isando nesitayela, samukelwa njengento enhle kunazo zonke.
UHans gomo Frabel "Hammer kanye Nezipikili"
Kwakuwumbukiso lo ovule umnyuziyamu womnyuziyamu omningi futhi waheha ukunakwa kwezilaleli zomhlaba wonke. Imisebenzi yakhe igcinwe kumaqoqo angasese, okubandakanya nalawo womhlaba onamandla walokhu, - Indlovukazi yaseGreat Britain Elizabeth II nombusi waseJapan Akihito.
Hans go go gomo frabrel
I-lamvork ehlukile enjalo: amafomu nezinkomba
Ngomlando wokuqala (bese unganaki kakhulu), ukubheka kungabonakala sengathi yonke into iveza ubuhlalu obuzungezile. Kepha uma ubheka i-lamprork, kuvela ukuthi ubuhlalu buyamangalisa kakhulu, futhi izinkomba zikhethekile, futhi umphumela wokugcina une-multifaceted.
Nakhu abanye abaculi abathile nomsebenzi wabo:
UDolly Ahles.
USatoshi Tomizu.
I-Vittorio Costantinini.
UDale Chihhaly.
Ayako hattori.
UCarmen Lozar
Eusush choi.
Grver Garmezy.
By the way, mayelana nokuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene. Ubuhlalu obusezingeni lesibani buphathwa ngesisindo sezindlela - kusuka ekungeneni, ukugcotshwa, ukugcoba, ukunqwabelana, kukhanye, kuhlolwe ukuhlobisa ama-stringer, i-foil, ukupenda, nokusika.
Kukhona ku-lampvork nezinkomba ngazinye. Isibonelo, ngosizo lokushaya isibani, ubuhlalu obungenalutho obunzima bezimo ezahlukahlukene badalwa - abajikelezayo futhi bakhuphukile, isicaba, ngesigaxa seminqumo, amashubhu, i-cubic, njll.
I-Sculptural Lapwork inika ama-connoisseurs akhe isimangaliso sokwenza okuncane kwengilazi. Kungumsebenzi onzima ngasikhathi sinye njengefomu, umbala kanye nevolumu, ngenkathi ukubabaza kungakhokhwa eBead, nangaphandle kwaso. Ingqikithi yesibani esibukhali, esivela emhlabathini wesilwane kanye nesitshalo ezintweni ezijwayelekile kakhulu ezidinga, noma kunjalo, izinga eliphakeme lekhono. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi hhayi nje kuphela ikhono, kepha futhi nokusungula amasu amasha okucubungula ingilazi ye-copyright. Isibonelo esicacile salokhu ngumculi wase-American-Australia uCarol MILNE, obhebhethekise kakhulu obhebhethekayo obonakalayo ekuqaleni kokubona.
UCarol Milne - isithombe esibaziweyo, ingilazi
I-Lampwork kungukuphela kwe-Lamplork ye- "Interner World" yobuhlalu, ingcebo yazo enqunywa yi-fantasy ye-Master - imithala ekude, umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, umbhikisho wezipesheli we-exotic, njll. Imikhiqizo yalolu hlelo Zinamathele njalo ekubukeni kwazo, noma ngabe kuyintambo yaseVenetian lapho ku-equent esobala, welule imithambo ebonakalayo, ama-aquarium anemisila evulekile ye-jellyfish futhi uvuselele ama-algae noma "ama-cosmos" ubuhlalu ngokusobala. Kulesi siqondiso, i-lampvork yadalwa ngabasebenzi bangempela. Lokhu kungumsebenzi we-American Floor Stencird Artist (Paul Stankard) - umsunguli kanye odumile we-Papier yanamuhla yokucindezela. Imikhiqizo eminingana eyenziwa nguye ibonwa yimisebenzi yobuciko futhi igcinwe esikhathini esingaphezu kweminyuziyamu eyisithupha emhlabeni jikelele, kufaka phakathi i-metropolitan edumile neLouvre.
UPaul Stankard
UPaul STANKARD - Imininingwane yomsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo
Onke amasu wokusebenza ngengilazi athatha ukuba khona kwamakhono athile namakhono, amakhono akhethekile ku-lampvOrler. Ukucutshungulwa kwengilazi okufakiwe kudinga elinye lamasu asendulo amafasitela engilazi yase-Italy - UMurrrni. . Kepha ngakho kulesi sihloko esilandelayo :)
Umthombo