Kudala ngangifuna ukubhala okuthunyelwe mayelana nokuthi iyiphi ifenisha eyayise-USSR. Ifulethi labazali bami cishe maphakathi nawo-1990s lalinikezwe ifenisha evamile yeSoviet "Mass" efuleni ngo-1970-80, nasefulethini likagogo wakudala ngabona amasampula amaningi efenisha endala "ye-Arch" eyenziwe ngamashumi amahlanu.
Ngakho-ke, kulokhu okuthunyelwe - indaba ekhuluma ngefenisha yaseSoviet nangendlela amakamelo anikezwe ngayo I-USSR.
02. Cishe ukuqala kweminyaka yo-1960, i-USSR yayingekho okubizwa ngokuthi "ifenisha yokukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi" - lapho ypewrites, amatafula, ama-racks, ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha kuleyo minyaka kuvame ukusikwa ekukhiqizweni kwaleyo minyaka kwakuvame ukusikwa ekukhiqizweni kwe Ifenisha kule minyaka, kanye ne-artel, ifenisha enjalo yenziwa kaningi isuka kwisihlahla esishibhile (isihlangu esidilizwayo esivela kuphayini), i-plywood (ebomvamisayo futhi evamile), kanye namabhodi.
Kungenzeka ngendlela efanayo naleso sithombe esingezansi, ikhishi libheke efulethini elijwayelekile lawo-1950s, kusukela kwifenisha yapendwe ngokhiye abamhlophe bokhuni kanye nabaphafuthi. I-buffet yasetshenziswa zombili ukugcina isitoreji kanye nokupheka - egumbini eliphezulu le-buffet (ekhazimulayo) egciniwe, ngaphansi - zonke izinhlobo ze-buffet (Ithebula elisebenzayo) lisetshenziselwe Isibonelo sokusika kokudla.
I-buffet enjalo kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950s yema efulethini elidala likagogo wami eMinsk eBerestyanskaya Street, futhi wasinda kakhulu maphakathi nawo-2000s, ngiyamkhumbula kahle.
03. Nasi isibonelo esihle kakhulu sendawo yangaphakathi yekhishi lesikhathi se-LA USSSRS kuze kube yi-1960s. Ngesikhathi somqondo wendlu, "ingaphakathi lesitayela esinjalo" kwakungekho, amakamelo atshelwa ukuthi angaba nalo. Imvamisa ekhishini lalesosikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi sihlangane nefenisha yangaphambi kokuguqulwa, ikakhulukazi zonke izinhlobo zama-shakyafs nama-buffets - zivame ukwenziwa ngezezimali ezisezingeni eliphakeme futhi zibasusa kakhulu kuphela ngesikhathi sokuthuthela emaflock amancane.
Ngokusho kwe-St Petersburg Anthropologist ilya utekhina, ngawo-1960 kanye no-1970, ama-leningrad ama-gipper agcwele ifenisha yasendulo, lapho ayengakwazi ukulungela amakamelo amasha asayizi amancane, avele ahlukane, eshintsha i-chipboard yanamuhla.
04. Interiors yamakamelo okuhlala kuleyo minyaka abukeka futhi ayinakwenzeka. Lapha, imininingwane yezangaphakathi yaseSoviet yaleyo minyaka idluliselwa kahle kulesi sithombe - ingxube yezinto eziguqukayo zangaphambi kokuguqula, ifenisha eshibhile ye-Precical (izitulo ezipendiwe), amasheya enziwe ekhaya. Ifenisha yangaphandle, njengomthetho, ngokuqinile nxazonke zegumbi, kuphela itafula elingama phakathi.
05. Ingaphakathi elicebile (ngokusho kwamazinga eSoviet) lingabukeka okuthile okufana nalo, esithombeni esibiza kakhulu ngamazinga alesosikhathi, ifenisha evela ku-arrow arrow ngesitayela sobuciko. I-headset enjalo ayinakukhokhela izakhamizi ezijwayelekile ze-USSR.
06. Ifenisha ejwayelekile yeSoviet isivele ivele kakhulu ngawo-1960s, isidingo sefenisha enjalo selibonakala ngemuva kokuqala kokuxazululwa kwezindlu zomphakathi kanye nokuhamba kwemindeni eKhrushchev. Idizayini yefenisha ejwayelekile ngaleso sikhathi yabinda. I- "All-Union Design and Design and Technological Institute of Fenisha" (Qedela), yasungulwa ngo-1962 futhi eqinisweni yakopisha intuthuko yamazwe aseNtshonalanga, i-Ikea yaseSweden, esevele isuka engxenyeni yesibili yawo-1950 yenza ifenisha eqoqiwe uthuthwe emaphaketheni aphansi.
Ngokuvamile, ngemuva kwamazwe athuthukile, ifenisha yesikwele nayo yaqala ukwenza e-USSR, ifanelana kahle emafulethini amancane futhi yayibaluleke kakhulu, okubaluleke kakhulu lapho kunokuntuleka kwesikhala. Ake sithi eminyangweni ehlukene yekhabethe elifanayo eligcinwe ngasikhathi sinye, izitsha nezincwadi namadokhumenti - efulethini elikhulu lezinhloso ezifanayo, umbukiso wewadi, umlingisi kanye nemfihlo nemfihlo.
Ngokusho kwemidwebo yabaklami, ifulethi elifanele laseSoviet lawo-1960 kufanele libukeke njengento enjengale:
07. Eqinisweni, bekusondele entweni enjalo. Ifenisha yefenisha embozwe nge-varnish eqinile ebukekayo yayibhekwa njenge-shik ekhethekile, ngawo-1960s - 1970s izinsizakalo ezinjalo (ngemuva kokupenda imidwebo yesifuba), zibhekwe kakhulu - zinikezwe indawo enhle kakhulu egumbini, namasethi kanye ne-crystal zagcinwa ngaphakathi azikaze zisetshenziswe, noma zijabulele ezimweni ezihlukile.
By the way, izinceku ezibunjiwe ezigcwele izitsha zakudala zisakwazi ukuhlangana UBabushetnikov.
08. Cishe ngasikhathi sinye (ukuphela kweminyaka yo-1960 - ukuqala kweminyaka yo-1970s), izindonga "ezibunjiwe zaqala ukuvela emakhaya, futhi zazisendaweni yonke efulethini laseSoviet. Ikakhulu icatshangelwa ukuthi kuthathwe "izindonga" ezikhiqizwe kwiSocialist, kodwa hhayi endaweni ye-USSR - ku-GDR, eRomania noma iPoland. "Udonga" luvame ukufakwa egumbini elikhulu kunawo wonke endlini futhi lwaba nezici eziningi - bagcina amasethi abalulekile, izincwadi, izingubo, njll., Nezithombe noma izithombe ezinhle zivame ukubeka emashalofini akhazimulayo.
By indlela, ngokwengxenye ngenxa 'yezindonga' zazalwa Inganekwane Ngalesi "Sizwe Sokufunda uqobo" - E-USSR, abantu bathenge kakhulu izincwadi ezincwadini (izinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili namabhodlela awo wonke amafutha, ama-necrosy kanye ne-enconlings) mane nje "kwezangaphakathi" nokugcwalisa amashalofu angenalutho.
09. Sedmised "ethambile" ifenisha yaleyo minyaka yabukeka isesabekile. Kwakubonakala ukuthi abaklami bazame ukukopisha amasampula ezigabeni zaseNtshonalanga, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye lapho kuphila kwalezi zinhlaka ngokuvamile kungakaze kubonwe, kanye nokucaciswa kokukhiqizwa kwendawo "kwendawo.
Ngesikhathi sezifundo zakhe e-Promdizayne, ngezwa izindaba ezithokozisayo ngendlela yezinto zasekhaya zadalelwa ngayo e-USSR - Umqambi wadonsa umklami omuhle we-vacuum, waya ku-chark, uthi kuye "lapha ubhala" uxhumano olufihliwe "lapha , Ngakho-ke asikwazi, kunezikulufo kuphela KV-14. Ngemuva kwalokho umklami waya esitolo sokupenda, futhi lapho: "Lapha ulubhale" upende oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngethayi lensimbi ", akukho okunjalo okopele, kukhona i-oyili ephuzi kt-116."
Ngamafuphi, ekugcineni kwavela lokho okutholakele:
10. Emafulethini amancane asayizi amaSoviet, uvame ukuhlangana namakhaphethi - balenga ezindongeni ezivame ukufakwa okuhle, kepha le ndaba ehluke ngokuphelele)
Uyayikhumbula ifenisha yaseSoviet? Zazinikezwe kanjani amakamelo akho kuleyo minyaka?