Sonke sekuyisikhathi eside sifundwe ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthenga okuthile esitolo, kuyadingeka ukufunda ngokucophelela imininingwane ngelebula nokupakishwa kwezimpahla, isheke lapho imikhiqizo ikhishwe khona ukwakheka kwalo. Kepha ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi lombhalo ngokupakisha, kumashubhu, ama-vials, njengomthetho, kukhona abanye abalingiswa nezithombe.
Ezitolo zethu kunemikhiqizo enezimpawu eziyishumi nambili ekuphaketheni, hlangana nenye - izithonjana ezimbili. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso kukhona okunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwako okuphoqelekile ekuphaketheni, kepha kunezimpawu ezikhiqiza izindawo zemikhiqizo kwiphakheji ukudala isithombe sayo, ukwandisa isilinganiso senkampani. Kepha kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kwimikhiqizo eboniswa emakethe yaseRussia kumele ibe uphawu olulodwa kuphela - "e-ESS", lesi yisithonjana sesikhalazo semikhiqizo ekhishwe emazweni abunyunyana. Uma kunjalo Hhayi, buyisela izimpahla eshalofini.
Yini okufanele ubhekane nazo ezinye izimpawu zezimpawu? Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi yiliphi inani elithile noma elinye? Kusho ukuthini, ngokwesibonelo, imbiza enedijithi kanye ne-cap yokuvalwa?
Futhi siqala, mhlawumbe, kusukela kusithonjana esingahambisani nanoma yiluphi ulwazi lomthengi, kepha ukutolika kwakhe kuvame ukungabikho. Uma sibheka amashubhu, khona-ke engxenyeni engenhla yayo kusentayo encane solwandle sizobona unxande omncane (Fig. 1), kungaba umbala ohlukile.
Okuphindaphindiwe kwadingeka kuzwe ukuthi umbala walesi yunxande uthwala imininingwane mayelana nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo: Uma umbala uluhlaza, imikhiqizo yezimonyo iqukethe izingxenye zemvelo, uma umbala ubomvu, bese kuthi imikhiqizo kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha, futhi. t. d.
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| Fig.2. Wamukela ishubhu eliveziwe |
Eqinisweni, lesi sithonjana yilebuli yokumaka (i-Photometer) yemishini ye-tube. Ngaphambi kokuthi ishubhu eliqediwe liya kuphakeji, lidlula izigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, izilimo eziyizigaxa zibekwa e-bunkerver, lapho ziwela khona kulowo ohambisa ngazo ngakunye, futhi ezingozini zonke zithambekele ehlukile (njengoba iTuba inenhlanhla ehlukile (njengoba iTuba inenhlanhla ehlukile, khona-ke iTuba iya esiteshini sokugcwalisa , lapho umkhiqizo wawo ugcwala bese ushaya isiteshi sokubopha uphawu. Lapha ishubhu liseshwa lapha, ligcina emuva bese linciphisa okuseleyo kokuqukethwe (okungenayo), okwasala ngemuva kokubekwa uphawu. Futhi uma i-tube ingathambekele kahle ezibukweni zasolwandle, ngabe i-wig ibingavimba (umkhiwane. 2). Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwesiteshi sokugcwalisa, i-rig ukuqondiswa kwe-tube, kanye nonxande, esikukhulumayo kuyilebula lezinzwa ze-Orientator. Futhi umbala walesi wunxande uncike kuphela ekwakhiweni kwe-tube.
Yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yokukhishwa kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo kumashubhu ingabukwa lapha: LLC "Korolevfarm" inkontileka. "
Amamaki okuhambisana
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| Fig.3. Tuba, Ilebula EAG Isibonakaliso |
Manje mayelana nezimpawu nezimpawu ezinenjongo kumthengi. Ake siqale ngokuthandwa kakhulu okutholakala ekuphazilweni kwezimonyo.
Isibonakaliso se- "Eac" sangena esikhundleni sezimpawu ze-rosest, esivele sijwayele.
Ukuze babele imikhiqizo yayo ngokumelene nesendlalelo sabanye abakhiqizi, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yayo ephezulu, ngokunqoba izithameli ezihlosiwe, abanye abakhiqizi baya kwezindleko ezingeziwe hhayi ezithe xaxa. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo eqinisekiswe ngobuchwepheshe obuzimele inyusa isilinganiso semikhiqizo enjalo emakethe, kuyingxabano yokuthenga kwayo.
Ngokwemithetho yamanje, yonke imikhiqizo yezimonyo, kuya ngezinhlobo, kusho irisidi noma isimemezelo sokuvumelana, noma isitifiketi sokubhaliswa kombuso (okumakwe ngesibonakaliso se-EAG).
Izimpawu zempilo yeshelufu yomkhiqizo
Jar ngezinombolo. Lolu phawu lusho ukuthini okuzoba yisikhathi lapho sizokwazi ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lezimonyo ngemuva kokuvulwa kwephakheji.
Sixwayiswe kaningi ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuqapha impilo yeshelufu yemikhiqizo yezimonyo (noma kunjalo, njengenye imikhiqizo). Sithenga imbiza ngo-ukhilimu, uyisibonelo, iminyaka emi-2. Sivula, siqala ukuyisebenzisa futhi ngonyaka sibona ukuthi ukhilimu uchithekile, washintsha umbala, wathola uhlobo oluthile lokuhogela, futhi isikhumba esikufaka isicelo saqala ukusabela ngokuqhuma okuthile, ubomvu! Asicabangi iqiniso lokuthi ezinye izinto ezikhona ekwakhiweni kwezimonyo, ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe ku-jar eveziwe singakwazi ukwenza i-oxidize, sishintshe ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali futhi sibe yingozi. Umkhiqizi wezimonyo lapho izinto ezinjalo zihlanganisa ukunakekela impilo yethu, kusixwayisa ngale ngozi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunamathela esikhathini esichazwe kwiphakheji.
Muva nje, kwethulwa uphawu olusha lwe-Sumful Shelf Life Images emazweni ase-European Union - lesi yihora lehora ngaphambi kokuphela kwezimonyo ezigcina zonke izakhiwo zalo futhi akulona ingozi kumthengi. Mhlawumbe, lolu hlobo lungavela maduze kwezimonyo zaseRussia futhi luzokuvumela ukuthi uyeke umthetho wokucacisa imigomo emibili ephelelwe yisikhathi: evamile nangemva kokuvulwa kwanamuhla.
Isithombe esibonakalayo sencwadi evulekile sazisa umthengi ukuthi kuneminye imininingwane eyengeziwe kwimikhiqizo, futhi kuyadingeka ukuze uzijwayeze ngayo. Njengomthetho, lolu phawu lubekwe ekuphaketheni kwemikhiqizo, uma kuyisebenzisa ukunakekelwa.
Izimpawu zokupakishwa okunobungane kwemvelo
Isithonjana seshidi laseMebius sisetshenziswa njengophawu lokuphinda lusebenze kabusha. Isithonjana esinjalo esisetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo sisho ukuthi ukufakwa kwemikhiqizo kwenziwa (ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye) kwezinto zokwakha ezenziwe kabusha, noma ukuthi zilungele ukuphindaphindeka.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu phawu kuphakheji akulawulwa yinoma iyiphi inhlangano futhi othile angakubeka emaphaketheni. Ngakho-ke, ngobukhulu, ukuba khona kwalesi sibonakaliso akukhulumi ngabo ...
Unxantathu wemicibisholo emithathu uwuphawu olubekwe kwimikhiqizo eyenziwe ngepulasitiki, engacutshungulwa yi-Indertist. Isibalo maphakathi nonxantathu kanye nezinhlamvu ezingezansi kunquma uhlobo lweplastiki lapho kwenziwa khona umkhiqizo. Isibonelo, isibalo nencwadi kusibalo esikhonjisiwe siphakamisa ukuthi umkhiqizo (usho, ibhodlela elivela ngaphansi kwe-shampoo) lenziwa nge-polypropylene. Le sengeze yethulwe ukwenza lula ukuhlunga kweziqukathi ngaphambi kokuvuselelwa kabusha kwayo.
Lesi sibonakaliso esisephaketheni sibiza ukuthi sigcine izwe esiphila kulo ukuhlanzeka, alihlambi, lahla lokhu endaweni kuphela endaweni (e-URN emabhokisini kadoti). Kwesinye isikhathi imibhalo ebiza inhlanzeko, noma amagama wokubonga ("Ngiyabonga"), ngaphezu kwalokho asetshenziswa kulabo abalahla ukupakishwa okusetshenzisiwe emathangini kadoti. Kusuka kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene, kungahluka futhi ngokusho kwesithombe esibonakalayo.
Isibonakaliso esenziwe ngohlobo lwemicibisholo emibili eyakha umbuthano ibizwa ngokuthi "iphuzu eliluhlaza". Imvamisa kutholakala ekuphaketheni kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo. Kungaba okuluhlaza okotshani nokumnyama nokumhlophe noma okuluhlaza noma okuluhlaza, kuya ngomklamo wokupakisha. Kubekwe kwimikhiqizo yamafemu atshala imali kuhlelo lwaseJalimane ukuqoqa, ukuhlunga, ukungcola kabusha. Futhi, lolu phawu lwalusetshenziselwa ukuqamba i-tube, ama-vial kanye nokunye ukupakisha, kuvikeleke umsebenzisi. Ngaphandle kweJalimane, isibonakaliso esinjalo asihambelani, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwamanye amazwe akugunyaziwe.
Izimpawu zokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo
Noma emabhodleleni kusuka kumikhiqizo yezimonyo, ungabona isithonjana esibonisa isibuko ne-comb. Kusho ukuthi ukupakishwa asetshenziswa kuwo yilungelo lokuthola izimonyo.
Kwesinye isikhathi emabhodleleni nasemabhange ngezimonyo, sihlangabezana nesibonakaliso esinjalo. Kulokhu, kufanele ifundwe njengoba: "Ukupakishwa kwenziwa ngezinto ezingezona zobuthi." Kepha, njengomthetho, uphawu olunjalo lutholakala kaningi ekuphaketheni, esitsheni, izitsha zokudla.
Izimpawu zezimonyo zokuziphatha
Manje ukuvikelwa kwezilwane eziningi kuthunyelwa emhlabeni. Eminye yemiqondo yemisebenzi enjalo ukukhula ukusetshenziswa okungamukeleki kwezilwane ezinhlotsheni ezithile zemisebenzi yabantu. Isibonelo, sibheka amafilimu ngokubamba iqhaza kwezilwane nakumakhredithi esiwabona kulo mbhalo ongekho isilwane esihlushwe ngesikhathi sokuhlunga. Abakhiqizi bezimonyo nabo basebenza kule ndlela. Ekuphaketheni kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo (ikakhulukazi angeniswa) Sibona uphawu ngesimo se-bunny enhle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ithuluzi alizange liphumelele izivivinyo zezilwane. (Kuliqiniso, kulokhu, kungavela umbuzo ongase uphakame, futhi lezi zimonyo zidlula kanjani izilingo zomtholampilo?)
Ngifuna ukuyeka kusithonjana esisodwa, esibonisa i-apula. Isibonakaliso esinjalo sifakwa kwimikhiqizo yezimonyo, equkethe izithako eziyingozi, ze-carcinogenic kanye nezinto ezinobuthi. Lolu wuphawu lokuhlola imikhiqizo yenhlangano yamazwe omhlaba ukulwa nezifo ze-Oncological.
Izimpawu Zokuphepha Kwezemvelo
Izithonjana eziningi ezahlukahlukene "zezemvelo". Ukuba khona kwabo kwiphakheji kusho ukuhambisana nemikhiqizo yamazinga ezemvelo: Imikhiqizo ayiqukethe ekubumbeni kwayo kwezithako eziyingozi, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza ayiyiphazamisi imvelo nakubantu.
Incwadi "e", yaphetha embuthanweni - uphawu lwemvelo olusetshenziswa eRussia.
Futhi ama-logo alandelayo asetshenziswa kwimikhiqizo ye-European Union:
Izimpawu ze-Certification Biois, Eco-, Izimonyo Zemvelo
Ezikhathini zamuva nje, imishwana enjalo njengezimonyo zemvelo, izimonyo ze-organic, izimonyo zemvelo sezicishe zibe uhlobo. Emazweni athuthukile kwezomnotho, izimonyo ezinjalo zinesidingo esikhulu, futhi umthengi ubeka imali eningi ngesithombe sophawu lwezimonyo ezinjalo kwiphakheji.
Imikhiqizo emakwe nge-bio kanye nama-logo we-eco kumele ahlangabezane namazinga amaningi: kufanele aqukethe okuqukethwe okuthile kwezithako ezinemvelaphi yemvelo; Izakhi zezitshalo kufanele zitholwe yizitshalo zazo, ezitshalwe ezindaweni ezinobungani bemvelo nakubuchwepheshe obufakiwe; Lapho kukhula izitshalo, inani lamanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali lilawulwa; Ukulwa nokhula kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngomshini, futhi ngezinambuzane - izidakamizwa ezingezona kuphela ezinobuthi noma izitha zemvelo kufanele zisetshenziswe; Imikhiqizo akufanele ibe sezakhiweni zayo zokwenziwa zokwenziwa, ukunambitheka, udayi kanye nemikhiqizo yokucolisa kawoyela.
Kumalebula anemikhiqizo enjalo, imininingwane efanele kufanele isetshenziswe: Iphesenti le-Bio - Izithako, okuyinto, nalo, okufanele libhalwe njengengxenye ye-asterisk (*).
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi eYurophu akunazimpawu ezihlangene ezihlangene zekhwalithi. Imisebenzi yesitifiketi ibamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni ezinabasebenzi kanye nochwepheshe abakhethekile. elebhu. Ngayinye yezinhlangano zabo ezinjalo ine-logo yayo. Nazi ezinye zezinhlamvu ezithandwa kakhulu zezinhlangano zesitifiketi zamazwe ahlukahlukene angatholakala ekuphaketheni kwezimonyo zokungenisa:
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| Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | Ufaza | IJalimane | I-france | I-England | IJalimane | Ufaza | Uhlobo lwenhlanzi | I-france |
Futhi ezweni lethu, ukubambisana okungenziseke inzuzo "I-Science Society of Cosmetic Chemists" (nocch) yadala uhlelo lokuzithandela ngokuzithandela kwamakha wemvelo kanye ne-organic kanye nemikhiqizo yezimonyo "Bio.rus". Kuthuthukiswe indinganiso yeRussia, izimiso eziyisisekelo zazo ekukhiqizweni, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, lapho ukhetha izithako, njengasezikhundleni zaphandle. Izinga lihlinzeka ngohlu lwezithako zemvelo, izithako zemvelo zemvelaphi ye-organic, ezingasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ye-bio yezimonyo, futhi lolu hlu luvuselelwa njalo ngonyaka.
Futhi kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi umenzi ozihloniphayo, okhiqiza izimonyo zemvelo, ngeke asebenzise i-cellophane noma i-polyethylene yokufaka imikhiqizo yayo. Ibhokisi lebhokisi noma ipensela lokupakisha kumele libe yikhadibhodi kuphela, amashubhu we-tube - i-aluminium, namashubhu epulasitiki nama-vials - noma acutshungulwe, noma enziwe ngento ebonakalayo.
Izimpawu zemincintiswano ehlukahlukene yaseRussia namaphrimiyamu
Kusukela ngo-1998, umncintiswano we-Russian ongenye yezimpahla zaseRussia "ubanjelwa minyaka yonke. Lo mncintiswano ubanjwe yiRosstadrard, amazinga "amazinga kanye nekhwalithi" kanye ne-Academy yezinkinga zekhwalithi futhi zine-logo yayo. Amabhizinisi aqinisekise ukuhambisana nemikhiqizo ekhishwe yizidingo zabo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ingasebenzisa le-logo emikhiqizweni yazo.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2000, umncintiswano kahulumeni weRussia Federation ngokwekhwalithi yezimpahla ebanjelwe eRussia. Imibukiso - Imincintiswano "Yonke uhlobo lwaseRussia. Umaki wekhwalithi yekhulu le-XXI ", umphumela wawusabelo sezimpawu ezihlonishwayo kuma-laureates: iplatinamu, igolide, isiliva nethusi. Kungakapheli iminyaka emibili, umnikazi walophawu lwentengiso angasebenzisa isithombe sawo emikhiqizweni yawo, nangemva kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi kufanele aqinisekise amamaki asezingeni elifanele. Lo mncintiswano usebenza njengokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yasekhaya ephephile kanye nezimonyo zemvelo zekhwalithi ephezulu, kanye nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha besimanje ukukhiqizwa kwezimonyo ezinjalo.
Isibonakaliso somunye umncintiswano kazwelonke ekuphangelini kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo kusho ukuthi lo mkhiqizo iningi labathengi baseRussia babheka okuhle kakhulu.
Izimpawu zesisindo
Incwadi yesiLatini e, emi ngemuva kokubhala isisindo, kusho ukuthi isisindo (noma ivolumu) yomkhiqizo uqobo lichaziwe ngaphandle kokupakisha, futhi lokhu kuhambelana nokwajwayele konke okubhaliwe "isisindo".
Futhi uma futhi kukhona umfanekiso, ophetha eduze kwesibalo, khona-ke lokhu. Isisindo noma ivolumu ngokupakisha ("Gross")
Emikhiqizweni yabakhiqizi baseYurophu, ivolumu kwesinye isikhathi ikhonjiswa ku-oz ewuketshezi. Ukuze ahumushe i-Millilitra kithi esilungele thina, siphindaphinda idijithi ngaphambi kwesithonjana ngo-30.
Uphawu lwentengiso
Njengomthetho, bonke abakhiqizi bane-logo yabo - isibonakaliso sabo, uphawu olwenziwe ekuphaketheni nguMkhiqizi Wokuthengisa, osebenza ukwandisa ukuqashelwa kwenhlangano, okwenziwe ngemakethe, kanye nokuvikela Umkhiqizi ovela kubancintisana ngokungafanele, kukuvumela ukuthi uvikele amalungelo akho uma kwenzeka kulingwa. Ukuze umthengi, ukutholakala kophawu lwentengiso kunomenzi onesithunzi esihle, esimeme isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi.
Sitshele kude nabo bonke abalingiswa nama-pictograms angahlangana nathi ekuphaketheni kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo. Umenzi ngamunye ufuna ukukhuthaza imikhiqizo yawo emakethe, esebenzisa wonke ama-chips atholakalayo athola lokhu. Kepha sizophinda siphindaphinde siphinde ukuthi kufanele kube nophawu olulodwa kuphela kwimikhiqizo - kuwuphawu lokujikeleza kwemikhiqizo emazweni angamalungu e-Union-Eas Eas.
Jabulela ukuthenga kwakho, futhi ukuvumela ukuletha uzuze kuphela nenjabulo.
Umthombo