Ngithola inani elikhulu lemibuzo ngokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo zodonga lwendlu yezwe, ngakho-ke ake sibheke ngokuningiliziwe lo mbuzo futhi futhi senze iziphetho zokhonkolo ezibunjiwe. Lokhu kuyinto engcono kakhulu yokuthwala nokufaka imiklamo yezakhiwo zanoma yisiphi isitezi. Uma ufuna ukuthola i-Capital "efudumele", khona-ke awunazinketho. Futhi into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukuthi indlu esebenza kahle yamandla yekhonkolo evuthiwe ingahle ikhululeke ukusebenza noma ngabe awunakho ukuxhumana noMgwaqo omkhulu wegesi. Futhi konke lokhu kungenzeka ngaphandle kokufakwa okwengeziwe!
Inganekwane? Cha, yi-physics kuphela futhi akukho ukukhwabanisa. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngakha indlu enjalo futhi ngilungele ukuhlanganyela isipiliyoni sami sokusebenzisa indlu yanamuhla esebenza kahle kakhonkolo esebenza ngokhonkolo ophumelelayo, okufudumele kuphela ngogesi.
Iya!
Kulesi sihloko sibheka kuphela izindlu ezinkulu zamatshe. Ngokwemvelo, kunobuchwepheshe bohlaka bokwakha, kepha sizobheka lokho okuhlukile.
Ukhonkolo olwenziwe nge-aerated akenzanga ushintsho oluncane ekwakheni ubuchwepheshe kunobunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, i-geotextile noma extruon polystyrere foam. Umlando wokhonkolo ohleliwe uqala ngama-30s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngakho-ke impahla isivele idlulise ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu lomhlaba wethu. Kubalulekile ukuthi kubhekwe noma yiluphi ukhonkolo olwenziwe amandla , ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka izici zangempela ezivela kubakhiqizi abathile.
Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ne-negative eyinhloko, esebenza kwinethiwekhi. Ukudangala kokungeyona ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe ngeke kube namandla anele nokuphikiswa kokushisa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke ngeke kube nanoma yiziphi izinzuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nezitini ezijwayelekile. Iphuzu lesibili elibalulekile ngumkhosi ophoqelekile wezobuchwepheshe lapho usebenza ngokhonkolo we-aerated.
Sekuyisikhathi eside esaziwa ukuthi ukwakhiwa ngokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe akukubi kakhulu, kepha kusheshe. Ngeshwa, abaningi bakhetha ukuphazamisa ubuchwepheshe, bese banqoba ubunzima bokulahlekelwa yisikhathi kuphela, kodwa nemali. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kusobala ukuthi izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ezisetshenziselwa ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe ngeke ziholele kunoma yini enhle.
Ngakho-ke, cabanga ngesibonelo indlu yami engakhele ngo-2012. Le yindlu enkulu yezwe epuletini lesisekelo elinezindonga zokhonkolo ezihleliwe kanye nokugqagqana kwe-monolithic nge flat (luhlaza) ophahleni. Yathunyelwa ngonyaka ka-2014. Kumuntu, kubalulekile ukuthi indlu ayibizi ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni komnotho. Angihlukile lapha. Ngakho-ke, inqubomgomo ebaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha okuqukethwe kwezindonga ukumelana nokushisa kokushisa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma udonga lubanda, ngizovele ngifudumale nomgwaqo. Futhi lokhu kungukulimala kwamandla nokubanda endlini (ecaleni lami ukuntuleka kwegesi eyinhloko kanye nomkhawulo wamakhono kagesi anikezwe kwi-SNT).
Ngakho-ke, ngakhetha okuhle kunakho konke ubuchwepheshe obukhona - udonga olulodwa olwenziwe nge-YTtong density d400 kanye nobukhulu be-375 mm. Ama-masonry akwenzile ngokuqinile ngokobuchwepheshe ophethe i-sanding egunyaziwe yomugqa ngamunye futhi esebenzisa i-glue ekhethekile yama-maronry amahle (okuncane ukuqina kwe-ski - ukunciphisa ukushisa okuncane). Ngokwemvelo, ngaphumula i-jumper phezu kwamawindi nangomnyango, kanye ne-perimeter ye-monolithic swerlap. Nginaka nokuba khona kwama-quarter on eflerings ewindini.
Ngaphandle kodonga kumane kulungiswe ngodaka olufudumele olufudumele olufudumele olunobukhulu obungu-10 mm futhi lumbozwe ngosimende omhlophe (namanje ngeke ngithole isikhathi sokupenda izindonga).
Ngaphakathi kwendaba efanayo: Izindonga ziboshwe ngongqimba oluncane (6 mm) we-plaster plaster, ama-SharpClown futhi apendiwe. Ukunaka iqiniso lokuthi amabhlokhi kakhonkolo ahlanganisiwe acishe abe yi-geometry ephelele - lokhu kwanikeza ukungabikhona kokuphamba kokungahambi kahle (ngokwesibonelo, uma izindonga zazingezitini ezinesigqila ngo-2 cm) kanye nomsebenzi owenziwe lula. Ukhonkolo olwenziwe kahle ucutshungulwa kalula futhi udonga lungabekwa kugesi kagesi ngokuthuka cishe.
Amaphephadonga asetshenziswa njenge-coating yokuqeda, umane apendwe izindonga noma amathayili (egumbini lokugezela). Ukhonkolo olwenziwe kahle usafanelekile impela ngoba kulula kakhulu ukulengisa okuthile. Zama, ngokwesibonelo, bhala isipikili odongeni lwezitini ukuze ulengise isithombe. Ngaphandle kokushaqeka kwe-drill / i-perforator, ngeke uphumelele kunoma yini, futhi ungathola ukuthola izipikili kwithuluzi ukhonkolo kagesi, futhi kuzokhuthazelela isisindo ngamakhilogremu ambalwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga (ngomdwebo walokhu okungaphezulu kwayo). Bebefuna ukususa isithombe endaweni entsha - bamane bakhipha isipikili, futhi odongeni uzohlala umgodi ongabonakali onobubanzi obungu-1-2 mm. Futhi odongeni lwezitini kuzoba nomkhondo we-dowel onobubanzi obungu-5-7 mm. Uma sikhuluma ngokufakwa okuthe xaxa kwezinto ezisindayo, khona-ke konke kulula kakhulu lapha. Ikakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesitini esingenamsebenzi lapho izikhonkwane zamakhemikhali kuzodingeka zisebenzise. Ngokhonkolo olwenziwe kahle, kunezinto ezikhethekile zesikulufu noma ama-dubeli asemhlabeni jikelele (futhi lezo nabanye futhi zithengiswa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sokwakha) - kuma-dowels akhona ane-air conditioner block (80 kg), a Ikhishi setha, isitebhisi sophahla nezinye izinto ezisindayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngathola umngcele ophelele, ovikela ngokuthembekile umthamo wangaphakathi wendlu kusuka kubanda. Ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa ama-airfields kukhombisile ukuthi indlu ivalwe kakhulu futhi, ngakho-ke, akukho ukuqhekeka ezinhlakeni ezikhanyisela. Udonga lukakhonkolo olwenziwe phezu kwawo wonke umuntu luyabuswa futhi ngaphandle, futhi kusuka ngaphakathi, okuqeda ngokuphelele ukuhlanza imithungo. Futhi lokhu kuyinto yokonga eqondile kakhulu kwimithombo yamandla.
Ukhonkolo ongezwe ungancishiswa ngaphandle kwezinkinga (uma kungazelelwe uthathe isinqumo sokwakha indlu ye-polar Circle), noma wenze ukuqeda okumangazayo usebenzisa izitini ezibhekene nazo. Kepha inzuzo ebaluleke kunazo zonke kakhonkolo ongezwe ukuthi ihlanganisa izici ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu: amandla acindezelayo nokusebenza okushisayo. Ukhonkolo olwenziwe nge-aerated ungasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ezindongeni ezithwala ezinhlanu (!) Izakhiwo, kuyilapho kuzobe kuncipha kakhulu ukuthuthuka okushisayo kunokhonkolo noma isitini.
Futhi nakhu kusobala ukuthi ukhonkolo noma izitini akukho ithuba lokusebenzisa ekwakhiweni okuphansi. Ngoba yinde, ebizayo futhi ibanda. Lapha ake sithathe isibonelo sami futhi sicabangele izindleko uma ngabe ngibe yizo izitini.
Kepha ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokubalwa engifuna ukukukhombisa isithombe esifundweni sokucabanga okushisayo (bheka umbiko ogcwele kwibhulogi), ebenze ngoJanuwari nyakenye, lapho kukhona amazinga okushisa angezansi -15 Celsius. Naka indlu etholakala ngemuva. Manje asinandaba nokuthi yakhiwa ini (eqinisweni, kusuka emabhulokeni e-slag futhi ifakwe nge-foam). Sinesifiso sokuthi le ndlu ayisebenzi futhi ayishintshile ubusika bonke. Futhi ngaphambili, ubona ikhaya lami elifudumele. Futhi kuphela ku- "luminous" esithombeni esivela esithombeni esishisayo amafasitela angaqondakala ukuthi kunjalo. Nakani ukunaka kwe-homogeneity yama-masoncres akhonkolo ahlaselwe kanye nokungabikho kokulahleka kokushisa ezindongeni. Isibonelo, ungavula i-Yandex ufuna izithombe bese ubona ukuthi zivame ukubukeka kanjani izindlu zezitini ezifudumele. Lapha, indlu yami empeleni ayiveli endaweni ezungezile.
Manje siya ekubaleni kokumelana nokushisa kokushisa. Ngeke ngikuthumele ngamafomula ayinkimbinkimbi, sizocubungula kalula futhi siqondakale. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, thatha idatha yomthombo, hhayi u-Ababy, kanye nombiko wokuhlola osemthethweni, oqinisekiswe uphawu lwesikhungo Sokucwaninga. Ake ngikukhumbuze ukuthi ngisebenzise amabhlogo we-D400 density ngobukhulu baka-375 mm.
Kepha igrafu yokulahleka kokushisa, okudingeka ulwele. Kubonakala ngokusobala lapha ukuthi ukulahleka kokushisa kwezinhlaka ezivalekile zengeza izinto ezintathu eziphambili:
1. IWindows Neminyango;
2. Izindonga;
3. Ukugcwala (phansi / ophahleni).
Ngasikhathi sinye, izindawo ezibandayo kunoma iyiphi indlu ziyohlala zingamawindi futhi akuzona noma kuphi ukuthi ziye noma kuphi, namuhla amawindi wengilazi ahamba phambili ancishisiwe ukumelana kokushisa okuncishisiwe kulingana no-1.05. Kepha izindonga zezindlu ezakhiwe esifundeni esiseCentral (eMoscow) kumele zibe nokuphikiswa okuncishisiwe kokuvutha kokuvutha okulingana no-2.99 (M² • ˚с) / W. Bese uqaphela ukuthi ukufudumala okuphezulu kufanele kube ophahleni.
Kepha manje asikhulumi ngamafasitela nokugqagqana, kepha mayelana nezindonga. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi indlu yethu izophendula amazinga wamanje kagesi asebenza kahle, ukumelana nokudluliswa kokushisa kwezindonga akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-3.0. Sisebenzisa, ngokwesibonelo, le mininingwane yokubala kanye nedatha yokubambela kusuka kuphrothokholi yokuhlola engenhla. Futhi sikuthola lokho
Ukumelana nokushisa okushisa kwesakhiwo esivalekile [R] = 3.57
Kulungile, sizobe sinengqondo: cabanga nge-heterogeneity of the masonry (seams), imithambeka kanye nama-engeli. Vumela ukuncipha kokushisa okuncishisiwe kube nokulingana no-3.28. Futhi lokhu kuwudonga lukakhonkolo olumsulwa, ngaphandle kokubheka ungqimba owengeziwe wodaka kusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Lokho wukuthi, empeleni, ukumelana nokushisa kokushisa kuzoba ngaphezulu.
Isibonelo, sithatha ubumbano lwesitini se-ceramic ubude obude be-1800 kg / m³ kwikhambi lesimende. Ngokuqina kodonga ka-375 mm, ukumelana kwaso kokushisa kwalo kuzoba ngu-0,62 kuphela! Lokhu kucishe kube izikhathi ezi-6 "kubanda" kunokubekwa amabhlokhi kakhonkolo ahleliwe. Okungukuthi, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kodonga lwezitini kufanele kube nobukhulu bamamitha angaphezu kuka-2. Uyakuqonda ukuthi lokhu akunangqondo futhi akekho ozokwakha ubukhulu bokukhuluma kangaka ekwakhiweni okuphansi. Ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe udonga lwezitini lube yingxenye eyodwa noma ingxenye yesitini, khona-ke kuzokukhuthaza. Futhi ngemuva kokufakelwa, kusacabanga ukuthi kufanele uqinise kanjani ukuhlanganisa ukufakwa kokufakelwa. Okusho ukuthi, kulokhu, sihlanganisa inqubo yokwakha.
Futhi mayelana nobunzima bokuma kobumba, iqiniso lokuthi ibhulokhi elilodwa likakhonkolo (625x250x375 mm) ngevolumu liyizitini ezingama-20 (250x120x65 mm) ngokunaka i-seam sikamanzi! Futhi ukuze ubeke izitini ezingama-20, cishe amabhakede ayi-1.5-2 azodingeka ukuthi azodingeka (uma kwanele ukusebenza ngokhonkolo wamamitha, inqwaba yesisombululo ukuze ubekele amabhlokhi kakhonkolo angaphezu kwama-20. Lowo ngumnotho wonke wokwakhiwa kwezitini. Okungukuthi, kuphela ekwakhiweni kwendlu yezitini okonakalisa ngokweqile.
Kepha i-tin eningi izoqala ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Sebenzisa i-Brick House efakwe kabi uma ungenawo umthombo wokushisa ongenamkhawulo futhi oshibhile (igesi eyinhloko) ngokumane nje ngeke kwenzeke, ngoba Ngokuqinisekile akwanele amandla kagesi azinikele (ejwayelekile 15 kW).
Uma izindonga zekhaya lakho zifakwe emithethweni yamanje ekuphikiseni kokufudukelwa kokushisa, khona-ke uzokwazi ukwamukela indlu egandayiwe yamatshe ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngosizo lukagesi.
Isiphetho sisobala - ekwakheni okuphansi kwenhlokodolobha, ezinye izindlela zokhonkolo ezisebenza kahle kwamandla akuyona nje. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma sibheka inani lokugcina lezakhiwo ezivalekile, livela ukuthi isixazululo esinjalo sishibhile esigabeni sokwakha, kodwa futhi ngenkathi usebenza.
P.S. Vele, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwamandla kwesakhiwo akuwona kuphela izindonga, kodwa futhi namawindows / iminyango, isisekelo kanye nokudlula (kophahla). Futhi-ke, umoya omncane wempahla. Kuphela lapho wenza zonke izimo, indlu ingathathwa njengento esebenza kahle.
Umthombo