Ayizizo zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwaye ziluncedo emhlabeni zazekiswa okanye zangeneyo. Eminye izandla zezandla zomntu ezixhamlayo, ulonwabo, ukuphucula okanye ukwenza lula ubomi bethu, kwakungapheli umsebenzi wezazinzulu kwaye wabonakala ngamathuba. Ndikunika izinto ezili-10 ezinjalo.
I-ice lolly
I-inventri: Frank eppersonson
Ngapha koko, i-omplerson-oneminyaka eli-11 ubudala ayivelisi i-pecalical Revolutical ishishini lokutya esitratweni, kodwa yaba ngumbhali weresiphi yokuqala yeziqhamo yehlabathi. Ngokutsho kwentsomi, ngokuhlwa, inkwenkwe ilibale kwiglasi yeglasi ngesoda (ibibusika), kwaye i-wand ihleli kwiglasi, eyayikhutshiwe kwiglasi. Kwiminyaka eli-18 kamva, ngo-1923, ishumi elivisayo lepperperson isebenzise ishishini kwaye yavula i-rhwebi kwi-lemonade eqanduselweyo. Omnye unyaka kamva, umveli wabatyebi 'kwi-Epsyyclach "(njengoko ayebizile) kangangokuba wenza ukuba kuphinde ubeke kwakhona, athathelethise uyiloloyiki kwaye avule" i-popcisc " Emva kwentengiso yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza ngo-1928, i-Epperdon ifumene ukuncitshiswa kwe-Eunter nganye kwi-United States; Ngo-1983, xa uphawu luthenge ukutya okukhulu kwehlabathi "Ukungafakwanga", ixabiso layo lifikelela kwi- $ 155 yezigidi.
Iglue glue
Anventritor: Harry Kutouver
Ngexesha lehlabathi laseMchiza laseMelika, kwi-Kutuver, eyathi yaya kwiQela loPhando kwinkampani "I-Eastman Kodak", yaphucuka kwe-Ultra-Acts Stores Soods. Akazange aphumelele emehlweni, kodwa ngexesha Olunye lovavanyo, iQela lonke "i-HP" i-up "kwinto, ngenxa yesiphumo se-Superble. Ngo-1958, iglu ikhutshwe kwi-zungumes enkulu; Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, i-Kuouti ithathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezinye iindidi ezingama-320 zeglue, i-incl. iglu yokuqinisa amanxeba kunye ne-lineng yevenkile yoqhaqho; Kwaye ngeli xesha lokufa kososayensi ngo-2011, wayengenawo amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza.
I-rinn diye
I-Anventri: UWilliam Henry Pernkin
Omnye umchiza "ongenakufezekileyo" - eli xesha ukusuka e-UK - iminyaka eliqela ngokuzinginyela wazama ukufumana ... iyeza elivela kwimalariya. Ngenxa yoko, kunyaka we-1856, uphando lwe-petkin lwakhokelela ekuyingeni kwidayi yokuqala yehlabathi, kunye ne-pericin, ungabi sisidenge, ngokukhawuleza akuba sisidenge. Kungekudala wavula umzi-mveliso kufutshane neLondon, kwaye ngo-1862 Dye Dye wafumana ukuthandwa kangangokuba ukumkanikazi weVictoriya wavutha yi-chin. Kwaye, ngaphandle kwento yokuba imincili yedayi ngokukhawuleza ihambile ngokukhawuleza, ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 i-penkin ikwazile ukufumana izigidi, kwi-60s ithengise umzi-mveliso kwaye wazibhokoxa ekuphaminisele kuphando.
I-teflon
I-Onveritor: Isicwangciso seRoy
Enye ifunyenwe ngenxa yokulibala kunye namaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Isicwangciso se-roy yaseMelika esabhinqiswa nge-GASSEPRTS PROPRTS ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwezinto zokupholisa. Ngamathuba, eshiya enye yeesampulu esitratweni, kusasa, icebo lokufumanisa ukuba into leyo ibilukhuni kwaye yajika yaba yinto engekho mthethweni we-wax. Uphando oluthe kratya lukhokelele kwinto yokuba ngomhla we-1945, inkampani yenziwa kweliphi iplacett, i-TEFLO ye-Telelon kwaye yaqala ukuyisebenzisa ekuvenisweni kwamakhulu eentlobo zemveliso (ukusuka kwisitya sentsimbi kwi-Ints). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuyilwa kwazisa umbhali wayo nakwiibhiliyoni zenkampani yomenzi weedola; Elokugqibela, ngendlela, ehlala indawo ye-3 kwibala lehlabathi labadlali bemichiza.
I-Brelit yeplastiki
I-Inverictor: Leo Hendrik Baklakan
I-Polymere Bylite isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yombane wasekhaya, i-elektroniki kunye nezitya. Ayiyinyibiliki, ayixhasi ubushushu, ukunganyangeki kukhubazekile, uxinzelelo, ukuxabana kunye nefuthe elilungileyo, yimpembelelo entle kwaye iqhubeke nokusetyenziswa kwe-bakelit phantse kuyo yonke indawo - zombini kwi Ubunjineli kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo nakwiinjini zobunjineli bobuchwephesha (iifowuni, ii-irons, iziseko, iimitha zombane) kunye ne-Peok, i-Chess, i-Chess, njl.njl.).
Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni iBelgian Baklalan yayifuna into eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo-i-Shellat ye-Shellac yendalo, eyayisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweevarnish kunye neepeyinti. UShellac ikwahamba kakuhle ifuthe lomzimba langaphandle, kodwa kwangaxeshanye litshisa ngokugqibeleleyo. Emva kokuba efumene i-bakelit, umkhuseli we-Belgian ngoko nangoko wabulala iihempe ezimbini ngexesha elinye - wafumana into awayeyifuna, kwaye kwangaxeshanye eyona polymer ebaluleke kakhulu kunye neplastiki yokuqala yehlabathi. Ngo-1910, uBekelan walilungelo elilodwayo, wadala inkampani "yongezwa amashumi ezigidi ezininzi zeedola kuye kwaye ngaphandle koko wedwa.
I-Petrolamum
I-Invenger: URobert Chizbro
Kwiminyaka yee-1859, i-chemist yonyaka-engama-22 ubudala uChenbro weza ePennsylvania ukuzama isandla kwishishini leoyile. Ngosuku olunye oluhle ngalo lonke ixesha, wafumana into enamathelayo emazantsi e-Sump, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Oolimen okanye "iiplagi" zaza zatshisa ukucheba. I-cheesebro yokwasebenza i-cheesebro yathatha isampulu kuye, yafunda into kwaye yakhupha izinto ezikhoyo kuzo. Ngo-1872, wayevele iVazeline kwaye ecwangcisiwe iiofisi ezicwangcisiweyo, phakathi kwe-1870s ezivuliweyo eLondon, iParis noBarcelona, nange-1911, i-chizbro yezityalo yayisele ikwi-iurope ne-Afrika. Ngeli xesha, ngo-1987, inkampani yafumana konke "ongasekhoyo", yazisa ngaphezulu kwengeniso ye- $ 75 yezigidi.
Iplastiki
Umenzi: uJoseph Mcvicker
Ngaphambi kokuba ibe ngomnye wokuzonwabisa kwabantwana abathandayo, iplastiki yayisetyenziselwa iminyaka engama-22 njengoko ... izixhobo zokucoca kwiWallpaper. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1954, umkhwenyana waseJoe Mcviker-umqeshwa womenzi weplastine - wathabatha isiqwenga somntu kwi-kindergarten, apho wayesebenza khona njengomntwana ukubonisa abantwana. Iklasiphala ibangela ulonwabo kubantwana, nto leyo, emva kwebali lomolokazana, iMcvicker yaqonda ukuba ixabiso lakhe lezorhwebo laza lalifaka umbono wobunkokeli bakhe. Ukuvulwa kwendibano yenkampani yenkampani, i-chemist yongeza i-DYES eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-almond flavouse kwiplastine, yexabiso lebhanki nganye (kwangaxeshanye) kwaye kwiminyaka emine eyanda inzuzo yenkampani Ukusuka kwi-100 yamawaka eedola ukuya kwizigidi ezi-3 ngo-1960 wahlukanisa kwinkampani ephambili kwaye waba ngumninimzi wakhe; I-B1964-M Macvicter ithengisiwe kunye nelungelo elilodwa lomenzi we- $ 18 yezigidi.
Izitikha "Pet"
I-Anventri: Arthur Fry
Ingqondo kaThixo inzala kwi-Fry ngeCawa kusasa ngo-1973, xa wayecula ekwayaleni. Ubume bombhalo werabha buyekile, ke imvumi engathandekiyo yadutyulwa phantsi kwamagama kwaye yanyanzelwa ukuba iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphelelwe kwiphepha elifanelekileyo. Kwaye emva koko wakhumbula iSeminari yomPenner-Pens Spencer iSilver, apho watyelela khona kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo: Isilivere yaxelela ukuba wafumana into enamathele enamathele, kodwa ade ayazi ukuba angayifumana phi intengiso. Kwaye ifunyenwe iFry. Kuyinyani, inkqubo yokuphuhlisa, uphando lwentengiso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemveliso kuthatha iminyaka eyi-8, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kufanelekile. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, malunga neebhloko zeebhiliyoni ezi-6 zezinikisi ziya kuthengiswa minyaka le; Inkampani yomenzi weNkampani ivelisa malunga ne-400 yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezincamathelisi kunye neencwadi zamanqaku kwaye zithengisa kumazwe angaphezu kwe-100 kwihlabathi liphela.
Microwave
I-Onvenger: Percy Spencer
Ukuvavanywa kwesixhobo sokufunyanwa kwenqwelomoya, injineli yaseMelika uPercy Spencer ngengozi yetshokholethi kwiplanga lakhe. Inzululwazi yaqonda ukuba imitha yemicrowave iphawulwe, kwaye iqhubekile nokuphanda iipropathi zabo kolunye ukutya. Ngexesha lemiboniso yokuvula kwabo, abantu abafundayo baqhushumba amaqanda aliqela elininzi, balungisa iingcambu ze pop, kwaye ukuphela kwe-1940s nge-1940 i-1940s ifumene i-microwave oveni. Unyaka ophelileyo, irhafu yereyithi yesona sekotoli yeSebe le-US le-US kunye noMvelisi wokuqala we-microwave - wafumana imali kwi-25 yezigidigidi; USpersi Spencer uhlala isikhundla somongameli oPhakamileyo nosihlalo weBhodi yaBalawuli.
I-Lipuccca Clasp
I-Invenger: George De mesters
Ngo-1941, emva kwentsasa ibaleka kwilali encinci yaseSwitzerland, isoftware uGeorge De Metadoral ubude kwaye wahlaba ngenyameko imizobo yebhulukhwe yezemidlalo. Unomdla "we-ponty" yesi sityalo, uDe Meril wafunda phantsi kwe-microscope kwaye wafumanisa ukuba amandla abo okulandela amakhuluko ahlukeneyo anikezwe amakhulutscopic hit, osasazeke ngaphezulu komphezulu. Ukugcina imihlaba eliqela, de mesters baqala ukukhulisa izinto ezintsha ezihamba ngesantya, kwaye kwiminyaka elishumi i-velcro ivele ithengiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufumane ukuthandwa kwabathengi ekuyinisweni, iSwitzerland sele ifuneka phantse iminyaka engama-20: ekuqaleni kwe-70s, iVelcro yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso ye-ASTROOS, kunye nentengiso yezinto zaqala ukukhulisa isantya esikhulu. Ngokomfazi wenkosikazi kaMhlambi, iminyaka engama-30 ubudala waphila kwaye wayondla usapho kuphela kwilungelo elilodwa lomenzi.
Umthombo