Ndisebenzisa yonke imihla ngabantu abaninzi abaye baqhelana nezinto ezininzi esinawo esincinci siphuma apho abo bantu babonakala bengaqali ukusebenzisa ixesha elingakanani kwaye benza njani ngaphandle kwabo.
Thatha i-air conditioner. Abantu abaphila uninzi lwentsimi yaseRussia, esi sixhobo sinokubonakala ngathi luhlobo lobunewunewu-onwabile ngokusebenza komoya, kodwa ungayenza ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwawo. Kodwa eMelika, i-condioner yomoya yaba sisixhobo esinendawo yokuhlala. Kungumntu othi malunga nee-wimi zendlela, njengamacebo omoya wokupholisa, kodwa iziphumo zenkangeleko yazo inabanzi kakhulu kunegrafu yegrafu. Enkosi kwii-condiors zomoya, uyilo lwezakhiwo, indawo yokuhlala yabantu nendlela abaphila ngayo. Kungathiwa ukuba umoya womoya wenza indlela yokuphila yanamhlanje.
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezixhobo zokupholisa umatshini, abantu bahlala befumana iindlela ezahlukeneyo zendlela yokunciphisa amaqondo obushushu ekhayeni labo. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwazo lwalungasebenzi okanye lubiza kakhulu. Umkhenkce wawusetyenziswa ngenkuthalo, kodwa, njengoko uqondayo, kwakuyimfuneko ukuthenga rhoqo, eyayingeyiyo yonke ipokotho. I-Ice ebusika yayiyinjubathiwe kwi-england yaseNew England kwaye yahlangulwa kulo lonke ilizwe laseMelika, nakwilizwe eliphantsi labantu abalindileyo, uninzi lweedolophu ezininzi zazikho elunxwemeni lwezindlu ezinkulu. Ngapha koko, abantu abakhange bakhawuleze bahambe baye kumazantsi ombane oshushu. Ukubandakanya ke, phantse zonke izixeko ezikhulu zaseMelika zakhiwa ngokomkhulu ukuba baphile kumantla eMelika.
Umthengisi womthengisi. I-Texas, ngo-1939.
Jonga nayiphi na ifoto yeNew York kwinkulungwane yama-20: i-megapoli eyakhe yakhiwe ngezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, izitrato ezinamanzi, inkqubo yokubonelela ngamanzi, imigca yoluntu, phantsi komgca wentloko yeMetro, isikolo, amathala eencwadi, njalo njalo, kwaye ukuphola kwiinyanga ezishushu zehlobo kufezekiswa kuphela ngoncedo lwe-ice, iwindow evulekileyo, kunye nombane. Ukongeza, ubomi buyeyona nto ilulamileyo intengiso ithathiwe emva koko. Iimpepho ezinde zabafazi, iimpahla kunye nezixhobo ezinyanzelekileyo kumadoda. Akumangalisi ukuba abantu abaninzi banuka kakhulu.
I-Andrews iphepha Co. Ngeempahla zehlobo, eWashington, ngo-1917.
I-moya yomoya itshintshe uyilo lwaseMelika. Ingakumbi yayichaphazela ukwakha indlu yabucala. Ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale inkangeleko, ezo zinto njengelitye kunye nezitena zazisetyenziswa kakhulu, ezibambe ixesha elide kwaye zifudumele kwaye zibanda. Ezi phala kumagumbi zenziwa ngaphezulu ukuze umoya oshushu wawusiya ngaphezulu, ushiya abahlali abapholileyo apha ngezantsi. I-fans ye-ceiry isebenza kamva incedisa ukukhulisa umoya oshushu ngehlobo kwaye inciphise ezantsi ebusika.
I-chykton yeOfisi ngo-1912. Kwizixhobo zokupholisa kuphela kuphela kwiindonga.
Izindlu zabucala zakhiwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, amagumbi okulala ayesoloko exhotywe kumgangatho ongaphezulu kwaye wasebenzisa ebusuku, evula iifestile zefestile. Ubomi bonke benzeka kumgangatho wokuqala. Iifestile zenze ukuba kunokwenzeka kuwo onke amacala esakhiwo ukuze uvuthe amagumbi am ngaphakathi. Kwigumbi elingaphezulu kwegumbi lokuvulwa kweewindows phambili, ephucule ukujikeleza komoya kumagumbi.
Izakhiwo zokuhlala kwi-Washington, kwisithili seColumbia. Ngo-1920.
Ukususela kwicala elingasezantsi lendlu, imithi yadala isithunzi ihlala ifikile. Ngapha koko, ehlotyeni basebenza umqobo wokukhanya kwelanga, nasebusika, xa amagqabi aphumile, kwangaphezulu kwanqanda egumbini. Eyona nto ixhalabisayo kunye nokukhwela ibala lemibala yesixeko, etyalwe ngemithi enezithsaba ze-snoxiidical, enike isithunzi esihle. Izakhiwo zazisebenzisa ngenkuthalo impembelelo yokuphosa, ukwenza izitepsi zivulekile kwaye zikhuphe umoya oshushu ngazo kunye nesitrato. Intendelezo elingasemva elingasemva elivunyiweyo yimithi, izihlahla kunye nezityalo nazo zazinomsebenzi wayo. Ngoncedo lokuvula kunye nokuvala iifestile ezithile kunye neengcango zendlu yeza nomoya opholileyo ukusuka endle kwaye wahamba ngaphandle komoya oshushu ngaphandle kwegumbi. Iifestile zavalwa zizitshisi, okanye amakhethini amabika ukunqanda iindonga zokufudumeza kwegumbi kunye nefenitshala evela kwimitha yelanga. Izindlu zineendawo ezinkulu ezigqubutheleyo apho balala khona ngeenyanga ezishushu zehlobo.
Indlu eGeorgia, ngo-1944.
Abahlali basezidolophini babeba mandundu. Ngexesha lobushushu obuqinileyo, basindisa iphuli ezidolophini kwaye zonke iindawo ezikhoyo ezikhoyo. Iilwandle zazigcwele. Kwakufuneka balale kwizitepsi zomlilo okanye ezitratweni.
Abantwana bahlamba eCentral Park, ngo-1944.
Umgca womkhenkce wasimahla ngexesha leentsuku ezishushu. INew York, ngo-1900.
Izinto zokucima umlilo eNew York ngenjongo kungenziwa kungekuphela nje ekuwucimeni umlilo, kodwa kunye nokupholisa abemi bayo.
Abantwana bahlanjwa emanzini avela kwi-hydrant. INew York, ngo-1939.
Izakhiwo ezindala ezindala eziphakamileyo zihlala zine-p okanye n fomu, ukuze onke amagumbi anelona windows ngaphezulu kweWindows ngaphakathi. Ukuza kuthi ga kwi-40s, iifestile ze-shysipens ezininzi zixhotywe ngamashishini ukuvala igumbi lokukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye abalandeli abaninzi banyamalala ngaphakathi, basasazeka ngomoya omanzi nobufundisileyo.
Isakhiwo seFlanton, ngo-1909.
Uninzi lwezixeko ezisemazantsi kunye nezixeko ezininzi ngasemantla e-United States zafa ngeenyanga zasehlotyeni. Abantu bafudukela kwenye indawo. Uninzi luqhuba elwandle, unxweme lwayo lwakhiwa indlu - iihotele. Idolophu enkulu yaseUnited States kwiinyanga zehlobo zajika zaba sisiXeko saseShost.
Ibhloko efestileni ayinakuxhomekeka ngokwenene, kodwa umntwana okhethekileyo uCradle.
Ukwenzela ukuba ubuncinci abantu abapholileyo, abantu babekulungele ukukhwela iiyure ezininzi ukukhwela iibhasi ezinamacala amabini ahamba ngaphezulu okanye iitramu, okanye bezingavulekanga kwaphela.
Abantwana back ice ngexesha lehlobo elishushu le-1911.
Indoda eyatshintsha i-Imerica yayiqhutywa yi-Wiss eneminyaka engama-25 eyayiqhutywa yinjineli kwi-Buffalo Afge kwi-Buffalo, eNew York. Ukucombulula ingxaki yokufuma kakhulu umswakama kwiNdlu yokuPrinta yeBrooklyn ngo-1902, waqokelela kwaye wafaka indawo yokuhlala kwimbali yemeko yomoya. Kodwa yayingeyiyo ibhloko yecompact esasiqhelekile namhlanje, kodwa indlela enkulu ehlala igumbi elingaphantsi. Kwiminyaka enga-1902, inkqubo yokupaka umoya yayalela i-York yeNew York Stock, eyifakileyo yokusombulula iingxaki zemveliso, kunye nentuthuzelo yabasebenzi basebenza esakhiweni. Kwahamba ngakumbi, baya. Isakhiwo sokuqala seofisi kunye nenkqubo yokufumana imeko ye-ermor yayikukuba se-Ermor eKansas, eMissouri, kunye negumbi ngalinye lalixhotyisiwe nge-thermostat.
I-Willis Asrier kunye nengqondo yakhe.
Isixhobo sokuqala sokupholisa indlu yabucala yavela ngo-1914. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ube ne-compact nayo. Wamdala umsori ofanayo, wafaka i-chalition yokuqala yendlu ngendlu yamasalela eCharles, unyana woJohn Gates, owenza imeko kwi-wire ebiwe. Kwakumnandi ukuba indlu yeGates yayikwikomkhulu laseMinnesota - Minneapolis - iSixeko emantla e-United States sikude nemozulu ishushu. Ixesha elide, ngenxa yendleko eziphezulu kunye nobungakanani obukhulu, iindlela zomoya yayiyilootion yeshishini elikhulu eliphezulu. Bafakwe kwiivenkile zeSebe, ii-cinema, iihotele kunye neendawo ezifana. Kwizindlu zabucala, basadibana kakhulu.
Imeko yomoya ophetheyo, ngo-1928.
I-cinema yokuqala yenkqubo yokufumana imeko ye-moya yayiyi-York Rivoli, eye yeyophawu lweParamount-pixer edumileyo. Ngo-1925, kwisindululo seqhutywa, ixhotywe ngemeko yomoya kunye nokuthengisa itikiti kwasonjululwa izihlandlo ezininzi. Inyani yile yokuba zonke ii-cinema ngaphandle kokukhetha iingxaki kwiinyanga ezishushu zehlobo. Abaphulaphuli babengafuni ukuhlala kwi-storsy ngaphakathi, ngenxa yokuba ezona filimu zidumileyo zazikwiholo engenanto, kwaye i-cinemas ilahlekile. Iingxaki zanyamalala ngokuqala komda womoya, kwaye i-cinema yaqala ukuzalisa kancinci, njengoko abantu baqala ukuya apho kuphela ukuba babukele iimovie, kodwa bahlale nje epholile. Oku kuguqule ixesha leNkulumbuso yeefilimu kunye neshedyuli yokuphuma kwabo. Uninzi lweepeyinti zaqala ukuvela kwizikrini zehlobo, ngexesha lokuhamba nge-pilgrimage kwi-cinema. Inzuzo yendlela yomoya iye yacaca ukuba kwiminyaka nje emihlanu i-moya yemeko yomoya efakiweyo ifakiwe ngaphezulu kwe-cines engaphezulu kwama-300 kumazwe. Ii-ofisi zomoya ezixhotyisiweyo, iivenkile, izibhedlele, izityalo, iimoto zikaloliwe, njl. Baphucula iimeko kunye nokunyuka kwemveliso yabasebenzi ngeenyanga zasehlotyeni. Iziqulatho zomoya zakwazi ukuhamba ngentuthuzelo enkulu kwaye ziphile kakuhle apho bekunokwenzeka ukuba ziphile ngaphambili.
I-cinema rivoli, ngo-1925.
Ngo-1931, iwindow yokuqala yewindows yavela. Yonke into ibingayi kuba yinto, kodwa ubiza nje ngaphezulu kunabanye ekhaya. Okungaphezulu okanye okungaphezulu kakhulu, ezi zixhobo zikwiminyaka engama-50 kwinkulungwane edluleyo, kwaye kude kube lelo xesha iMelika, nayo yonke enye into, ubuntu ngandlel 'ithile ngaphandle kwabo. Ukuvela kwe-air conditioners ekhoyo yenze utshintsho kwimarike yendawo yokuhlala kwaye batshintsha abantu beli lizwe. Ukuphuma kwabemi ukusuka kumazantsi, ababeqhubeka nesiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, kwathatyathwa endaweni yokonyuka kwesaqhwithi. Ukuhlawulwa kwemali esebenzayo yeFlorida, eCalifornia, eTexas, eGeorgia, iMexico entsha kunye namanye amazwe okuqalisa i-USA. Umhlaba ojikeleze iidolophu waqala ukugcina izindlu ezikhululekileyo ezinamagqabi aphantsi ezixhotywe ngeebhloko zefestile, ezinobunzima obunikiweyo bokufuduka kwabemi basePardbs. Abantu baqalisa ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ekhaya, kwaye umabonwakude waboyikisa kwisofa. Phumla kulwandle olusuka elwandle lwaqala ukuya kwiveki, emva koko lwancipha ngalo lonke ixesha ukuya kwiintsuku ezininzi. Imfuneko yokufudukela elunxwemeni lolwandle kwiinyanga ezishushu zanyamalala, ekhokelele ekwehlayo kwaye ivaliwe kwiiholide zaseMelika ezininzi, ezinjenge-Kon Island kunye ne-Atlantic City kunye ne-Atlantic City. Kwangelo xesha, iimoto, iinqwelomoya kunye neendlela zomoya zenziwe ukuba ziphumle kwiindawo ezintsha, ezinje ngeFlorida, eMexico okanye ikharibbean.
Abanini be-fan blog phars i-Yorker entsha
Andikhumbuli kanye ngo-1927 okanye ngo-1927 okanye ngo-1928 - ubushushu bema ngoSeptemba ngokuqhutywa ngokulula. Akazange awe kwanasemva kokuba isiqalo sonyaka wesikolo-sibuyile kwi-cottage yethu kwiRocaway Beach. Zonke iiwindows eNew York yayiyindawo ye-daval, kwaye ezitratweni bekukho iinqwelo zokuhelela ezinokuthenga apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuthenga i-ice cy okanye iswekile efakwe kwi-pernad yepenari. Kubantwana, satsiba emva kwezi siqengqeleka ngokuthe ngcembe, amahashe anengozi, kwaye wakhwela enye okanye ezimbini zomkhenkce; Umkhenkce uphela umgquba omncinci, kodwa wahlaziya intende kunye nomlomo.
Abantu, i-West yesitrato se-110th, apho bendihlala khona, bebephumelela kakhulu ukuya kwisitepsi sam se-111st, kodwa bawa ngamxhelo, bafumana iintsapho zonke, kwingubo yonke nganye ibekwe kwiibhasini zabo zentsimbi.
Nasebusuku, ubushushu abuhambi. Ngomnye wabanye abantwana, ndandihamba nge-110 ukuya epakini kwaye ndihamba phakathi kwabantu abedwa okanye iintsapho ezilala ngqo kwingca, ecaleni kwee-alamu ezinkulu ezenze i-caomny ethuleyo - ezinye iiwopi zazingahambelani nabanye. Abantwana bakhala emnyameni, amadoda ayehleba ngamazwi aphantsi, kwaye kwenye indawo ekufuphi nechibi, ukuhleka kwebhinqa ngequbuliso kwavakala. Ndingakhumbula kuphela abantu abamhlophe kuphela abalele engca; Emva koko iGarlem yaqala ngesitrato se-116th.
umthombo