Sekureva kweanthropologists, iyo yakakosha chikamu chinosimbisa vanhu veHomo Sapiens (munhu akangwara) mune yakawanda yekuvharirwa kwemaperembudzi emafungiro akanyatsoshamiswa. Chishandiso chisina kujairika pazvinhu zvakajairwa uye kugona kuita chiono ichi kuita sechinhu chakasarudzika chechero yemumwe munhu: Homo Sapiens Partum - murume akasarudzika.
Izvo, chokwadika, chinjo, asi chisingaoneki chisingaiti simba rinokutendera kuti ushande zvinhu zvinonakidza. Pane yedu saiti pane kutenderera kwese kwenyaya yakatsaurwa kune isina kujairika fenicha, iyo iri nyore kuita nemaoko ako. Semuenzaniso, kubva padombo, kongiri uye jamu. Kana zvinhu zvemukati zvakasarudzika zvekugadzira izvo kune mari yemari - mapurasitiki mabhodhoro kana mapepa ekutakura. Vatariri vehunyanzvi husina kujairika vanozowedzera chimwe chinhu kune iyo piggy bank, haina kubatanidzwa mune yechinyakare yemidziyo yevanogadzira fenicha.
Kadhibhodi seinobva kusikwa
Iwe unongova muridzi wefurati kana imba itsva yenyika, mari yese yekuchengetedza yakaenda kuimba yekuvakwa uye kugadzirisa, uye pakutengwa kwemari itsva isati yasara? Usaore mwoyo, uye zvakanyanya kukosha - usakanda kunze kwemakadhibhodhi mabhokisi aunotakura zvinhu zvako kuita dzimba nyowani.
Iwe unogona kunge usingade kutenga makabati uye matafura emubhedha - kurongedza makadhibhodi uye pepa kunogona kuve zvinhu zvakanakisa zvekugadzira kwavo. Uye nei iyo yakaponeswa ichireva kuti wadii kurega bato iri pachiitiko chendangariro? Zvakanaka, kana kushandisa zvimwe, hapana nzira isinganyatsofadza.
Usatendi mune mukana wekadhibhodhi kana funga fanicha kubva kumabhokisi ezvinyorwa zvakashata? Ini ndinofunga kufunga izvi kune ese akajairwa uye akajairwa zvinhu sekuisa pakurongedza kana kunyora zvinhu.
Fenicha yepepa: Mazuva ano dhizaini maitiro uye nhoroondo
Vagadziri vezvinhu zvemukati nhasi vanoteerera zvakanyanya papepa mukuratidzwa kwakasiyana siyana. Kunyanya mufundisi wekufarira muzvakarukwa kweiyo yekugara yekugara yemurume uye kudzokorodza (kudzoka kwemarara uye marara emarara mune zvigadzirwa zvezvinhu zvitsva). Nekudaro, ichi chiratidzo chitsva, sevamwe vazhinji - chakakanganikwa chaizvo.
Pepa, kunyangwe nekufa kwawo, kwave kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwete chete kugadzirwa kwemabhuku uye stationery. Vanochera matongo vanosangana nehondo yemauto yakagadzirwa nemapepa emapepa (nhasi anozivikanwa sePapier-Masha) akanyorwa 2000s BC. Sezvazvinotarisirwa, idzo mapepa emapepa emapuro emauto akawanikwa muChina - Pamba pepepa. Mukuwedzera kune ngowani uye lat, iyo Chinese yakashandisa papier-mache uye yekugadzira fenicha.
MuCentur Century, iyi tekinoroji yakajairika muEurope, kwavakazotarisirwa zuva renguva dzose. Misa yeCellulose Fibles yakasanganiswa nechinhu chinoshambidzika Kusanganisira fenicha.
Nekufamba kwenguva, maitiro ekugadzira zvikamu kubva papaki-maha ainyanya kuoma. Theodore Jennes akatanga kushandisa kumanikidzwa kwekuumba, uye Henry Glue akagamuchira patent yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa mune zvekugadzirwa mune zvekugadzirwa mune zvekugadzirwa mune zvekugadzirwa mune zviyo, semhedzisiro, zvigadzirwa zvakawanikwa zvine mutsindo-zvinokatyamadza.
Theodore Jennes naJohn Betnridge vakaronga Jennens uye Bettridge, akatenga musangano uye patent henry glue. Vakabatana vakabuditsa fenicha uye mamwe ma decitive deposits kubva paPepa Masha, iyo yakafarirwa zvikuru kudiwa - zvitoro zvekambani zvaive muLondon new York.
Fenicha Jennens uye Bettridge inosiyaniswa neyekuwedzera ruzivo, nekuti kubva papepa misa iwe unogona kugadzira chero chinhu chisina kujairika. Yakanga yakashongedzwa negoridhe rendarama, rakapendwa kubva kuna amai vePerera uye rakanga rakafukidzwa neine lacquer lacquer seChina lacquer fenicha.
MuRussia, kubva pakupera kweiyo Xviii zana, pane zvakare tsika yekugadzira zvigadzirwa kubva papepaer-mach. Pamwe, munhu wese anoziva mabhokisi, tobacker, petroks, akashongedzwa neyekuenda kuLefquer miniature pendi yevatenzi vePhaine, Fedoskino, MSTE, Holly.
Basa Razvino Rinogadzira Rinoshanda Kubva Papier Masha zvakare haasvike asina hanya. Semuenzaniso, nhevedzano yeiyo organic bionic mwenje kubva kune zvinhu zvisina kujairika studio.
Fenicha yepepa iri nyore
Kana iwe waifemerwa nezvakaitika kare uye maitiro ezvakagadzirwa wechigadzirwa chepepa zvemukati, inguva yekuziva nezve tekinoroji. Hapana chinhu chakaoma mazviri - iwe uchave nechokwadi chazvo, uchitarisa kune inotevera vhidhiyo.Matatu makuru mafambiro ekugadzira yepepa zvemukati zvinhu zvinogona kusiyaniswa.
1. papier-masha
Nepepa-masha, vazhinji vanoziva nezvidzidzo zvekushandisa muchikoro chekutanga. Iro zita reTekinoroji (French Papier mâché) rinoshandurwa se "pepa rinorema". Chero marara emapepa akakodzera seyakaisa zvinhu - kubva pamapepanhau ekuchembera
Kune marudzi maviri ePapier-machhe: Yakavharirwa uye Pepa Misa. Kubva pamapepa emapepa iwe unogona kuputika, ita zvishongo zvakabikwa, zvinhu, zvichizadza izvo dzakasiyana siyana. Iyo plasticity uye kutevedzera zvinhu zvinokubvumira kuti upe chigadzirwa chero mhando.
Iwe unogona kugadzira iyo yese chinhu chete kubva pamapepa misa. Kana iwe ukaronga kugadzira fenicha rese, usakanganwa nezvechimiro: Chokwadi, zvakapwanywa zvishandiso zvakatsvuka, zvakasanganiswa nezvinhu zveGlue, asi kuti muumbi wechigaro chechigaro hachisati chakakodzera. Mune imwe yechipiri nzira (layer-ne-layer ichishaikwa zvidimbu zvidimbu zvepepa) kazhinji zvinoshandisa kugadzira mafomu ehuku.
Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nemapepa misa zvinogadziriswa nyore nyore - kupukutwa, kudhakwa, kucheka. Zvinhu kubva papepaer-mache chinogona kupendwa, pasi pekunyepedzera kukweva, shandisa deconuage uye kugomera. Multilayer kuunganidza varnish vanogadzira pepa fenicha kunyorova-chiratidzo uye kuramba kune manhamba ekuomarara.
2. kadhibhodi multlayer mahwendefa
Muzhinji, maitiro aya anogona kunzwisiswa kubva pane pamusoro roller. Kubva pamashiti ekadhibhodi, iyo "Bhodhi" yeiyo gobvu inodiwa inodzidziswa - iyo zviyero zvinoendeswa kune mumwe nemumwe, sekugadzira ye plywood.
SaPapier-Masha, mult-layer kadhibhodhi inokutendera kuti ugadzire fenicha yemhando yepamusoro yeiyo bizarre mafomu, panguva imwe chete yasara yakasimba zvakakwana. Fenicha yakadaro inogadziriswa nyore nyore uye yakashongedzwa, asi vamwe vanofarira kadhibhodi yemabhodhi yayo yemusikirwo, vachiona runako rwezvinyorwa muchimiro che brown uye chakarongeka.
3. Kadhibhodi Origami
Kana munzira mbiri idzi dzekunamatira nzira dzekuzvininipisa - chikamu chekumanikidzwa, ipapo mune iyi nzira hapana chinoshandiswa. Mune imwe nzira, yakapetwa kiredhi mashizha anowana zvakaringana kuomarara kuti ave chigaro, sofa kana tafura yehofisi.
Zvemidziyo kubva papaki-mache kana akawanda-layer glue kadhibhodi, unogona kutora chero tsvina yemapepa. Cardboard Origami-fenicha inoda zvinyorwa zvitsva zveimwe density uye kurongeka kwekugadzira. Mushure mezvose, chigadzirwa, chekutanga, chinofanira kupokana nemitoro (iyo yakatetepa kadhidhi haina kukwana pano), uye pamusoro penzvimbo dzakasarudzika uye zvakaringana uye zvakanyorwa zvisina kujairika uye mifananidzo isina kuvanza.
Cardboard Bushings uye Inosuka mapepanhau materu
Kutsanangura mikana yepepa seyakagadzirwa zvekugadzira fenicha nemaoko ako pachako, zvechokwadi, hazvigoneke kupfuudza nekadhibhodi kubva kune ese akamonera midziyo nemapepanhau.
Ehezve, makadhi kubva papepa rechimbuzi zvakanyanyisa uye zvidiki, asi nheyo kubva kuRolls of Wallpaper, Linoleum kana kareti rakakodzera kwazvo kuti fanicha yemidziyo. Vanogona kuwanikwa vasina mhosva pasina kana iwe uchibvumirana nechitoro chemuno chitoro. Nenzira, iyo bushings yehukuru hwakasiyana inogona kungotenga muhuwandu husina muganho.
WEAVER kubva kumapepanhau tubes chiitiko chakakurumbira cheby. Kubva pane yakakwana zvinyorwa (zvinyorwa zvekare), iwe unogona kugadzira fenicha, iyo, mushure mekupenda kana kuunganidza, iyo inotsemuka, yaiputira tsika, wicker yerattan kana ye yav tsvimbo. Tenzi, kugadzira mhizha dzakasiyana kubva pamapepa emapepa, uye pane webhusaiti yedu. Ndinovimba vachataura nezvenyaya dzekunetseka dzeanoda basa uye dzinozunza mafoto.
Ini ndinofunga ndakakwanisa kuratidza zvinhu zvakajairika kubva pakona isina kujairika. Bvumirana, fenicha yepepa haina kujairika uye inonakidza, uye ichiri kusiri chinhu uye inowanikwa.
