Fair isle is summ for jachard. Jacquard ndeye multicorlor broitting ne broach pamusoro peiyo inosanganisira nzvimbo ye canvas.
Chaizvoizvo isle chitsuwa chidiki pakati peShetland Archipelago yaive ne Scotland. Uku ndiko kugadziriswa kure kwakanyanya kweUnited Kingdom, kwazina 5 marefu uye 2 km yakafara, huwandu - 70 (!) Murume.
Zvakaitika sei kuti zita rechitsuwa chechidiki, iri pamishini yemashure ehushedhi yeBritain, iyo kunyange muGeographical APLAVE OUK nekuda kwekubviswa kweiyo nzvimbo uye kunoratidzwa pane yakakosha tab, yakagamuchira imwe yenzira dzinozivikanwa dzekupwanya.
Kubudikidza nayo, mazana emakore akapfuura nzira dzakawanda dzegungwa. Mikana yekurima yaive ishoma, hove huru yevashandisi vepachitsuwa yaive, zvakasikwa, kubata hove. Naizvozvo, ivo havana kuregera chero nzira dzekuwana mari dzinobereka semakwai anobereka uye kubhururuka. Vakabata hove zhinji dzakasiyana siyana. Zvese zvaari pamwechete nehuku, huku, makwai, mazai, akabva aenderwazve zvikepe, akajaira pano uye akazviitira chikafu uye zvipfeko zvakasiyana.
Kuzvarwa kwakazvarwa kwakazvarwa kwakakosha, nekuti Ndakauya nevachitsuwa zvese zvavaida: Zvishandiso, zvishandiso, zvinhu zvakasiyana uye zvimwe zvinhu izvo, zvakangoitika, izvo zvakange zvanyorwa naSirer Walcent kusvika kushanya kwake kuchitsuwa muna 1814:
"Vakadzi vakakomberedzwa masokisi kubva pane sakaruva mvere, husiku hwehusiku nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana zvavanenge vakakodzera Pavaigona kutenga bhodhoro rePeach Brandy kana Roma kubva kuAmerica vatengesi mukutsinhana kwemaviri emasokisi akasarudzika kana mazai gumi nemaviri. "
Vagari vechikepe-ayla vaive nyanzvi mune hunyanzvi hwekupona. Kuve nemafuro akanakisa egwai, vaishandisa chikamu chose chevhu varipo, kunyangwe kana chakabviswa pachitsuwa uye chakakomberedzwa negomba rakadzika-dzika. Sir Walter Akanyorawo kuti "kukwira kwenzvimbo kukwira padombo kunzvimbo, iyo uye mbudzi ichakwevera chizungu, saka tambo dziri kudhonza makwai, dzimwe nguva gwai riripo."
Kudonhedza, kunyanya, masokisi anoitika akakosha uye anoenderera tambo kuburikidza nenhoroondo yese yeShetland. Mvere dzemakushini iyi rakatorwa kubva kudiki, asi rakasimba remafudzi eshongwe, izvo zvinokwanisa kutsungirira zvinokonzeresa hutsinye uye mafuro asina shiri.
"Shetland Zvitsuwa zveCoculiar Yenzvimbo - Zvidiki, Zvemusango Zvakawanda. Mhuka dzinoonekwa dzakapfava, dzakapusa, dzakapfeka mvere dzevhu kuti dzibve pasi kana sirivheri Ivo ndivo vanokonzeresa kupfava kwavo, kunze kwezvinhu zvevhudzi: yekutanga - coarse, asi kazhinji mafuro anonhuwirira uye yechipiri - ichitaura makushe ari mumhuka panzvimbo yebvudzi. " Isingazivikanwe Shetland Munyori, 1861
Uchapupu hwekutanga rekodhi reiyo shetland bonitting zuva rekudzokera kuzana ramakore regumi nematanhatu. Mukati megumi neshanu, yakapararira muzvitsuwa zvese, uye mune 18 yaive hove huru pachitsuwa ichi.
Manual kugadzira zvipfeko zvakarukwa zvaive zvishanu-nhanho-nhanho Kusanganisa makushe pane zvakananga mafambiro; Kupururudza kwemakushe uye kuputika kwaro pane mashanu mazwi kana pane rondedzero yehove. Maitiro ese aya akaitwa man'a kusvika 1890, apo iyo mvere dzakatwasuka dzakatangira kutumira kumafekitori eScotland kuti aite avhareji matatu mashandiro matatu.
Pachitsuwa chikuru cheShetland, masokisi anowanzochinja kuzvinhu zvakadaro setii, fodya, machira ekotoni. Muchokwadi, anodaro Dr. Edmondston, masokisi anoumba iyo huru yekutsinhana chinyorwa munyika. Vatengi vakuru vezvinhu zvakarukwa, sekunge zvakadaro, zvaive zvisiri zvemunharaunda, asi panzvimbo peboka revatengesi vekunze, iro gore rimwe nerimwe rakafamba nechiwi nekuda kwezvitsuwa zvekubata kwehosha. Masokisi akaunza vanhu vanobva kumativi ese eBarvik uye vakatengesa vabati vehove. Dzimwe nguva zviuru nezviuru zvaive pamhenderekedzo panguva imwe chete. Nekutenga zvigunwe, uye sechipo chevakadzi nevana, vabati vehove vevatorwa vakazovapa pasi rese.
Pakazosvika makore 1800, kutengeserana Shetland kuchitokisi kwakatanga kuderera. Kuderera mukuda kwezvigadzirwa izvi ndiko kuve kwakakonzerwa nekukura kwemakwai kuri kukura muScotland neEngland uye mechanization uye mechanization uye yekugadzira guruva kugadzirwa. Shetland kutengeserana mumasokisi-masokisi haana kuzombopora, uye vagari vepachitsuwa zvakatanga kubhururuka marudzi ezvigadzirwa.
Iyo yekutanga Museum inoratidza zuva radzoka kuna 1850s.
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, chiwi chakaringana chakangoita kuti vafambi vanouya vafambi navo. Nekudaro, makore makumi maviri nemashanu gare gare, zvakava noumambo uye akawanikwa chimiro cheOxforcalayunitions uye Cambridge. Yakatanga kutongwa uye munguva pfupi mazwi anoti: "Shetland bonitting" uye "Chiisiko Chidimbu" chakave chakafanana. Paive nezvikonzero zvakati kuti izvi. Pashure pehondo yekutanga yenyika, iyo fashoni yakachinja zvakanyanya uye chipfeko chakanakira uye chinoshanda chakashanda zvakasimba uye zvinokwana, kusanganisira sweaters yekirasi yepakati. Kechipiri, muna 1921, chiitiko chakakosha chekushambadzira chakaitika: Lervik Muwandectory Merchant James A. Smith akaunzwa kuna muchinda Wales akatevedzera plulover, yaAkapfeka mukirabhu gorofu.
Iyi gorofu kupomhodza muchinda ave akakurumbira zvekuti pakazova evadzidzi veOxford uye Cambridge vanenge yunifomu. Pakupera kwema1920s, vakadaro vedhirowa, maregigans, magurovhosi, makapu akapfeka zvese! Mukuwedzera, mune makumi maviri emadhorobha akagadzirwa, ayo anoshamisa akawedzera ruva rejut, nepo pakutanga yarn yaive yakarongedzwa nemakwenzi emiriwo.
Iyo craut akapona iyo chaiyo boom. Pakati pevateredzero hadzina kugamuchirwa kuchinjana madhimoni ekutsinhana, rimwe nerimwe rakanga riine muunganidzwa wayo wemavara uye mapatani. Yakatsigirwa nevatengesi kuti panzvimbo pekuteedzera maitiro evamwe vanhu, mumwe nemumwe anogarwa chimwe chinhu kubva zvake. Pfungwa yekushanda padanho nedanho rondedzero ndeyekunyatso bvunzurudzwa kune aya makareti.
Unyanzvi hukuru hwevasikana hwaive hwakawanikwa pazera rekutanga, kutanga kupunzika pamakore mana, mu6 vakatove zvinhu zvidiki zvinotengeswa. Vazhinji vakarukwa vanogona kuremerwa nekumhanya kwemiseve zana paminiti pasina kurasikirwa nemhando!
Vanhu vazhinji vakaona banga rekunyepedzera vanobvunzwa nemubvunzo unonzwisisika: Zvinhu zvakadai zvine mavara akasiyana siyana uye mapatani emagumo aigona kuitwa nevanhu vasina kudzidza vanogara muchisimbiso, vachitungamira mararamiro anorema kudaro. Kune kukakavara kwakawanda pamusoro pezvinyorwa. Muongorori uye akabatanidzwa, munyori wemabhuku akawanda munhoroondo yekukwenenzvera, Alice Starmore, anotenda kuti vanhu vanoshanda, uye kusarudzwa kwematanho kwaive nekuda kwekunyepedzera uye nekumhanya yekubhururuka kwavo. Pane akati wandei maitiro akakosha:
Patters iri pane chigadzirwa nemitsetse yehusana hwakasiyana. Kune mitsetse yakatetepa, 3-mutsara, wide kusvika makumi maviri kana anopfuura mitsara.
Mapatani ese ane maviri kana mana axis ye symmetry. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe chaive chakarongeka uye pamusoro / pasi uye chinogona kutenderedzwa mune chero nzira, saka mapatani aive akakwana kuti banga. Kudzokorora kwakawanda mubasa rezvinhu zvakafanana zvinhu zvakakurumidza kuyeukwa uye nekuwedzera kumhanya. Uye zvakare, zvinhu zvidiki zvakabvumidzwa kuti usazoita broach refu pane iyo offline.
Ruvara rwevaraira uye kumashure - mune imwe mutsara chete mavara maviri. Ivo vanogona kuchinja mutsara mumwe nemumwe, asi mumutsara maviri chete. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti zviri nyore zvekupwanya.
Mumwe mutemo haafanire kuita broach refu. Maximum 7 loops. Maximum!
Izvi zvinotevera kushandiswa kwemitsetse ye diagonal. Izvo. Shanduko yemavara inofanira kunge iri diagonally. Edza kudzivirira mitsara yakatenderwa. Icho chikonzero ndiyo yakanyanya kuderera kweiyo yakarukwa canvas.
Mapatani anowanikwa mitsetse, imwe neimwe ine nhamba isinganzwisisike yemitsara uye symmetrical. Mapatani akadaro ari nyore kupfuura asymmetric kugadzira, akasiyana-siyana, nemusoro uye akabatikana.
Mazhinji mapatani ane fomu yeOho, i.e. Kusanganiswa kwedenderedzwa uye diagonal crosses. Mazviri, idzi nheyo idzi dzakabatanidzwa - symmetry, diagonal.
Ruvara. Mune mumwe mutsara chete mavara maviri. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti zviri nyore uye kusununguka kwekuputika uye kuti urege kugadzira kupatsanurana kwakakora, iyo canvas isina kufanana, i.E. Kunaka kwe canvas.
Netsika, kushandiswa kweruvara mukukora kurwa kwakadzorwa zvakanyanya.
Iyo yepamusoro yekudhirowa inoratidza iyi nheyo: 8 mavara anoshandiswa mumhando gumi neshanu. Chikamu chepamusoro uye chepasi chakadzika ndechechiyero chechiyero kune iyo yepakati mutsara, iyo inosunga ine ruvara rwakasiyana kuti zviongorore.
Mumwe mutemo ndiko kushandurwa kwemavara mumhando kubva kune yakasviba kuenda kuchiedza uye kubva pachiedza kuenda kune rima.
Maitiro echipiri anoratidza kuwirirana kunowirirana kugoverwa pakati pemuvara weiyo nzira uye kumashure. Nekuti Batanidza level isingaperi, iyo nzira inoita seyakawirirana uye kuverenga zvakanaka.
Dhizaini yechitatu inoratidza kusanganisa isina kubudirira kwemavara: mune yepamusoro uye yepasi chikamu, ruvara rweiye maitiro uye kumashure zvinobatanidzwa.
Saka, kana iwe usina chipo chekunzwa ruvara, ipapo kwauri mitemo mitatu yekushanda nemuvara.
Unganidza huwandu hwakanyanya hwemavara ehuremu hwakawanda hwerudzi rwese uripo, edza kusanganisa kwega kwega nekuputika kwemuenzaniso. Iyo yakawanda samples iwe yaunobatanidza, iwe wakawanda iwe waunodzidza nezve ruvara.
Bvisa ruzivo kubva pakukundikana.
Nakidzwa nemaitiro.
Iyi inotevera nheyo yekunyepedzera kuputika ndiyo nzira yekunyepedzera yemusungwa mune denderedzwa. Pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvekutora chiitiko ichi: Unotarisa nguva yese iri pamberi pekuputika, iwe wakakwenenzvera nguva yechiso, izvo zviri nyore uye nekukurumidza, usasuki unoponesa nguva yedu.
Shetland bnitters bunit zvese mudenderedzwa, kunyangwe kana vests vachivhiringidzika kana kubhururuka kiredhi nekumberi kwekumberi. Nechinangwa ichi, chinonzi "tsvimbo" chinoshandiswa - zvakati wandei zvinorehwa nekuwedzera, zvisungo panguva imwe chete nenhengo huru, mune denderedzwa. Kana wapedza chimiro, tsvimbo inotemwa, zvikamu zvinogadziriswa neBay kana kusona kune izvo zvisiri izvo. Nekuda kweizvozvo kuti iyo Shetland makushe ane hukasha, hapana chakanyungudika, uye chinopihwa kune isingaonekwe padivi.
Mumufananidzo uri kumusoro, nhetembo idzi dzinoonekwa: Izvi zvinhambwe nemitengero epetical mumutsipa uye kurudyi prughary. Mutsipa watotemwa pamutsipa, asi kuchine.
Mifananidzo yekupedzisira ndeye shetland pony, mushandirapamwe wekushambadzira mukati mevhiki yegore negore remakungwa pane shetland. Iyo inoitirwa mukuvhuvhuta, muna Gumiguru. Chirongwa ichi chinosanganisira fairs yakawanda, master makirasi pakupururudza, kupwanya, kuzadza. Iwe unogona kusangana nevatariri, varimi, vatenzi, tenga makwai, yarn, apedza zvigadzirwa. Mugadziri mukuru weshetland mvere, nenzira, The The James Ari A. Smith.
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