Haasi zvinhu zvese zvinodiwa uye zvinobatsira munyika zvakagadzirwa kana kugadzirwa zvakananga. Mamwe maoko emaoko emunhu anobatsira, achifara, achivandudza kana kurerutsa hupenyu hwedu newe, aisaguma basa rebasa resainzi uye rakaonekwa chaizvo nemukana. Ini ndinokuratidza gumi dzakadai zvigadzirwa.
Ice lolly
Inventor: Frank Epperson
Muchokwadi, Embipenzi ane makore 11 haana kungogadzira ongororo yepamhepo muindasitiri yechikafu chemumugwagwa, asi zvakare yakava munyori wenyika yekutanga yemichero yechido chechipiri. Sekureva kwenyaya, manheru, mukomana akanganwa pagirazi regirazi neSoda (raive nguva yechando), uye wand akaramba ari mugirazi, iro soda poda rinokurudzirwa mumvura. Makore gumi gare gare, muna 1923, teen (of of of of of of of of of 1923, teenson yakashandisa kuwana kwake mubhizinesi uye yakavhura kutengeserana mune yakaomeswa mandimu. Rimwe gore gare gare, muvengi wevapfumi "(zvavari vanonzi) zvekuti akaita chidimbu chidiki chidiki, chakavhura chidimbu chacho uye chakavhura" Popcisc Corporation ". Pashure pekutengeswa kweteni muna 1928, Embiperson yakagamuchira kuderedzwa kubva kune imwe neimwe "popcent" yakatengeswa muUnited States; Pakazosvika 1983, apo iyo mhando yacho yakatenga chikafu chikuru pasi rose chakabata "uniliver", mutengo wayo wakasvika kumadhora mazana mashanu nemashanu emamiriyoni.
Super Glue
Inventor: Harry Kutover
Panguva yechipiri World World American Chemist, Utuver, uyo akananga timu yekutsvagisa Imwe yeyedzo, iyo timu yese chaiyo "HP kumusoro" mune iyo chinhu, mumhedzisiro yeiyo Superlast. Pakazosvika 1958, glue yakaburitswa mumugove mukuru; Kwemakore mashoma akatevera, kuUver atora chikamu mukukura uye kugadzirwa kwemamwe mazana matatu emhando dzeGlue, incl. glue kuti isimbise maronda uye mhepo yemhino dzekuvhiya; Uye nenguva yekufa kwesainzi muna 2011, akange asina vatambi 460.
Amirain dhayi
Inventor: William Henry Perkin
Imwe "isina kubudirira" nguva ino kubva kuUK - makore akati wandei akaramba achiedza kuwana ... mushonga kubva kumarariya. Semhedzisiro, mugore ramakore 1856, kuongorora kwePerkin kwakatungamira kune kugadzirwa kweNyika Yekutanga Dhayi Synthetetiti, uye Percin, usave benzi, rakakurumidza kugadzirwa. Pasina nguva akavhura fekitori iri pedyo neLondon, uye neye 1862 dhayi yepepuru yakawana mukurumbira wakadai kuti Mambokadzi weVictoria akapenya muzvisikwa zvakapendwa neyekufamba. Uye, kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti mufaro kuDhaye wakakurumidza kuenda hakuna, mumakore asingasviki makore gumi vakakwanisa kuwana mamirioni, mumakore makumi matanhatu vakatengesa fekitori uye vakazozvipira kuzvipira.
Teflon
Inventor: Roy ndege
Kumwe kuwanikwa kwakaitwa nekuda kukanganwa uye kusatya usiku hwakaderera. American Roy Pliyktt akaedza nezvivakwa zvekusara panguva yekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvinotonhora Nemukana, uchisiya imwe yemasampula mumugwagwa, mangwanani, ndege dzakawana kuti chinhu chakaomeswa uye chakashanduka kuita esemble ye wax. Kuwedzera kutsvagisa kwakatungamira kuchokwadi icho muna 1945, kambani iyo pekambani yakashanda, yakatanga techi uye yakatanga kuishandisa mukugadzirwa kwemazana emhando dzezvigadzirwa (kubva mundiro yesimbi kune tambo yekuvhenekera). Parizvino, chigadzirwa chakaunza munyori uye kumabhiriyoni ekambani emadhora emadhora; Iyo yekupedzisira, nenzira, inogara nzvimbo yechitatu muWorld world of vatambi veMeemgent.
Plastiki biki
Inventor: Leo Hendrik Baklakan
Polymer Bakelite anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemumba, magetsi uye ndiro. Hazvibviri, hazvipise kupisa, kurwisa kukwenya, kumanikidza, kupokana uye kukanganisa, ndiko kugadzirwa kwakaringana, panguva idzi3 kunobvumidza kushandiswa kwekubheka kakawanda Injiniya uye kugadzirwa kwezvombo uye mune yeinjiniya yemagetsi enjinjini (mafoni, zvigadziko, metresm metress (mapanga emagetsi, chess, chess, sovenirs, nezvimwewo).
Nekudaro, kutanga beklan baklan yaive ichitsvaga chinhu chakasiyana zvachose - chinotsiva chechisikirwo resin shellac, iyo yakashandiswa pakugadzirwa kwervarish uye pendi. Shellac zvakare inofamba zvakanaka mhedzisiro yekunze, asi panguva imwechete inopisa zvakakwana. Sezvo agamuchira biki, iyo mubatanidzwa weBelgian akabva auraya Hares mbiri kamwechete - akawana zvaakanga achitsvaga, uye panguva imwe chete yakanyanya kukosha polymer uye yekutanga yenyika. Muna 1910, Bakelan akatarisa kuwanikwa, akasika iyo kambani "baktlit corporation" uye akawedzera makumi emamiriyoni emamiriyoni emadhora kune ake uye asina izvo chete.
Petrolatum
Inventor: Robert Chizbro
Muna 1859, Chemist ane makore 22 Chenjera akauya kuPennsylvania kuti aedze ruoko rwake mumafuta eoiri. Mune rimwe zuva rakanaka mupfungwa dzose, akawana chinhu chinonamira pasi pemafuta emvura, ndeapi emafuta ainzi paraffin kana "wax plugs" uye anoshandiswa pakupora uye anopisa. Bhizinesi reCheesebro rakatora muenzaniso pamwe naye, akadzidza chinhu uye akaburitsa zvikamu zviripo pazviri. Muna 1872, akabvarura kugadzirwa, ari pakati pemakore 1870s akavhura mahofisi muLondon, Paris uye muBarcelona, uye muna 1911, zvidyarwa chechiZzibro anga atove mumakore eAfrica neAfrica. Pakasvika nguva, muna 1987, iyo kambani yakawana zvese zvakafanana "Unilever" akaunza mari inodarika mamirioni mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu.
Plastiki
Inventor: Joseph mccker
Asati ava mumwe wevaraidzo yevana vake vaanofarira, mapurasitiki akashandiswa kwemakore makumi maviri nemasere se ... kuchenesa michina yeWallpaper. Nekudaro, muma1954, muroora waJoe Mcviker - Mugadziri wePlastedine - akatora chidimbu chezvinhu kune imwe kindergarten, kwaaishanda semudzidzisi kuti aratidze kuvana. Papurasitendi yakakonzera kufara kwakadaro kubva kuvana, iyo, mushure meiyo mwanasikana-mukwikwidzi akabva aziva kukosha kwake kwechokwadi kwekutengesa uye akaisa pfungwa yehutungamiriri hwake. Kuvhura mumusangano wekambani pachako, chemist kuwedzeredza dhayili uye kurira kweiyo $ 1.5 kubhengi rimwe chete Kubva zviuru zana emadhora kusvika pamamiriyoni matatu muna 1960 akapatsanura nekambani huru uye akava muridzi wefekitori yake; B1964-m macvicer inotengeswa kugadzirwa uye patent yemadhora mazana mashanu emamiriyoni.
Stickers "post-it"
Inventor: Arthur Fry
Kunzwisisa kwaMwari kwakaburukira kuFry Svondo mumangwanani a1973, paakaimba muchechi choir. Mamiriro emuchero wekunyorwa kwehunyanzvi aigara achibuditsa, saka muimbi asina kupfurwa akapfurwa kubva pamashoko uye akamanikidzwa kuti atsvage zvakare peji rorudyi. Uye akabva azvirangarira musangano weiyo muvambi-pensioner spencer sirivha, kwaakashanyira mazuva mashoma apfuura: Sirivheri yakaudzwa kuti akagamuchira chinhu chakasarudzika chakasarudzika, asi kusvikira achizowana kwaimutsvaga zvekutengeserana. Uye Fry akawana. Chokwadi, maitiro ekukudziridza, kushambadzira kutsvagisa uye kushandisirwa mukugadzirwa kwakatora makore angangoita masere, asi mhedzisiro yacho ndeyechokwadi. Kusvika parizvino, anenge mabhiriyoni matanhatu emabhiriyoni ematanho anotengeswa gore rimwe nerimwe; Kambani yeMugadziri inoburitsa anenge mazana mana akasiyana emhando dzemasita uye anocherekedza uye anozvichengetera vanopfuura nyika dzinopfuura zana pasi rese.
Microwave
Inventor: Percy Spencer
Kuedza neicho chishandiso chekuonekwa kwendege yemuvengi, iyo American Injiniya Percy Spencer netsaona yakanyungudutsira chokoreti muhomwe. Masayendisiti akakurumidza kuona kuti microwave radiation akaiswa chiratidzo, uye akaramba achidonhedza zvivakwa zvavo pane zvimwe zvekudya. Mukufamba kwezviratidziro zvevavheni ravo, svina akaputika mazai kakawanda, akagadzirira iyo pop-mudzi uye nekupera kwe1905 akaisa microwave oven uye akapa zvakanaka kugadzirwa kukuru. Mwaka wapfuura, rateon turnver ndiye akanyanya contractor weDhipatimendi reUS yekudzivirira uye yekutanga microwave mugadziri - yakasvika madhora mazana maviri emadhora; Persie Spencer anogara chinzvimbo chemutungamiri wepamusoro mutevedzeri uye sachigaro webhodhi revatungamiriri.
Lipucca Clasp
Inventor: George de Mestern
Muna 1941, mushure mezuva remangwanani mumusha madiki weSwiss Swiss, iyo sainzi George De Mesadrall kwenguva yakareba uye nekushingairwa kubaya mifananidzo yeiyo thtle kubva kumabhegi emitambo. Kufarira "PONTLIST" yeiyi chirimwa, de Meseral akadzidza maruva pasi peMicroscope uye akawana kuti kugona kwavo kuomerera kune akasiyana matishu anopiwa nemazana emakiromasi, akapararira pamusoro pechiso. Kuve kuchengetedza muminda yasayenzi yakati wandei, DE mestern yakatanga kukudziridza chitsva chitsva, uye mumakore gumi Velcro yakaonekwa kutengeswa. Nekudaro, kuitira kuti uwane mutengi kuzivikanwa, Swiss yatoda makore makumi maviri: Pakutanga kwe 70s, The Velcro akatanga kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemasutu eNASA vatsva, uye kutengesa kwezvinhu zvacho kwakatanga kukura kakawanda kumhanya. Sekureva kwemukadzi wekunonoka del, makore makumi matatu apfuura airarama uye akadyisa mhuri chete paPatent kuderedzwa kubva kuchigadzirwa chake.
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