Benshi muritwe twaranze imashini zidoda zidoda abantu ba nyirakuru hamwe na bakuru benshi bakoresheje. Bamwe baracyafite ivarisi hamwe na Mechanism yigihe gito giteye imbere, ndetse no kubanza kwigomeka muri garage cyangwa muri atike. Antiyays yishimiye kugura iyi modoka, itanga amafaranga mato, ariko ntiwihute kugirango ukureho iyi mbasiga - urashobora noneho kwicuza.
Imyaka 30-40 hashize imyaka 30 gusa, ivalisi yimbaho iremereye hamwe numupfundikizo uzengurutse hafi muri buri muryango kandi ahantu hose yashyinguwe nkijisho. Ntabwo bitangaje, kuko munsi yubwiza buhebuje, bitwikiriye Plywood, iyo ngingo yari yihishe, ni yo ya kabiri nyuma ya TV y'umuryango uwo ari we wese - imashini idoda intoki ya podolsky.
Mubwana, iki gikoresho gitangaje, cyasaga naho kitoroshye kandi gishimishije bidasanzwe, gishobora gufatwa nkigihe kirekire. Amatsinda meza yo kunyerera, umurongo mwiza wa Chrome ufite imitako igoye, yasukuye indorerwamo irabagirana n'amaboko y'amavuko, uburyo bwo kudoda bukaba ari akaga, butumvikana, ariko gukurura nka rukuruzi .
Imashini zidomo zigezweho, zikoresha mu buryo bwikora no kumenyesha ku nyandiko ntabwo zikwiriye "abafite." Ibikoresho bishya ntabwo bifite ubugingo bushobora gusobanurwa nkigikorwa cyo gukora gusa, ahubwo gifite cyiza. Ariko byaturutse he ibicuruzwa byimishinga yubucukuzi bwa sovietike nkiyo neza hamwe nuburyo bwiza?
Bose Byoroheje - Imashini zidomozo zarazwe igishushanyo mbonera cyazo nibicuruzwa byagutse byaho kandi ni kopi yukuri yimashini zidoda isi yose y'Abanyamerika izwi cyane y'Abanyamerika y'uruganda rwa Zinger. Iterabwoba rya sosiyete gukora ibikoresho byo kudoda byateye imbere bigezweho, kandi ubu buryo butangaje bwashyizeho icapiro ku bicuruzwa tuyikora ibintu byiza cyane.
Zinger yasohoye imashini yaryo ya mbere muri 1851, kandi nyuma yimyaka 10 gusa, ibicuruzwa byayo byari bizi kwisi. Ibanga ryo gutsinda ryari, mbere ya byose, kimwe n'imashini zidoda, ndetse no kugurisha imikorerega ikora, byafashaga mu gihe gito kugira ngo bitsinde isoko ry'ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya XX, umuririmbyi "wagaragaye no mu karere ka Moscou. Ku mitunganyirize y'umusaruro mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya, umuyoboro w'Abanyamerika wacunguwe n'umugambi mu mujyi wa Zahido wo mu mujyi wa Zahudo wo mu mujyi wa Zahudo, abaturage bo muri icyo gihe bari bafite abantu 5.000 gusa. Igihugu hano cyarihendutse, kandi unyuze mu mujyi w'icyuma gahoro gahoro gake itangwa ryibikoresho fatizo no kohereza ibicuruzwa byarangiye.
Bidatinze, igihingwa cyahindutse ikigo gikomeye mu Burayi kugirango irekure ibikoresho byo kudoda. Mu 1914, isosiyete yatangaga ibice 600.000 ibicuruzwa, byashyizwe mu bikorwa isi yose. Gusa mu Burusiya, amaduka 3.000 yahagaze neza. Twohereje imashini zidoda no kuri posita - Tegeka igitangaza cyumunyamerika cyikoranabuhanga, cyakozwe na Moscou, gishobora no no kuri Sakhalin.
Co, mu Buyapani, Ubuyapani - Abaguzi muri ibi bihugu bari biteguye gutegereza imodoka yakunzwe. Igipimo cy'umusaruro cyari gikomeye cyane ku buryo mu mpera za 1914 Uburusiya bwabaye umusaruro wa kabiri w'imashini zidoda nyuma ya Amerika, hamwe no kuvuza amafaranga miliyoni 63.5.
Uruganda mu 1915
... n'uyu munsi
Ishami ry'Uburusiya ry'ikigo ryashoboye kwigurira ibiro byiza muri St. Petersburg ku byiringiro bya Nevsky. Inyubako yakubise abo mu gihe cyiza ntabwo ari ubwiza bwayo gusa, ahubwo inangana udushya twa tekiniki - yari umurozi, kandi isuku y'urubura ruva mu gisenge cyakozwe mu buryo bwikora. Iyi nyubako kandi uyumunsi yishimiye ijisho - ni muri yo ko ibiro bikuru bya sosiyete "Vkontakte" biherereye.
Mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara yo mu 1917, igihingwa cya podolsky cyahagaritswe. Ku bw'amahirwe, ibikoresho by'Imishinga yarokotse impinduramatwara ebyiri n'intambara y'abenegihugu, byatumye bishoboka kongera gukora imashini zidoda mu 1923. Ibicuruzwa ubu byakozwe mu bicuruzwa "PMZ" (igihingwa cya podolsky) na "Gosshweug".
Imashini yo kudoda yateguwe nabakoresha abanyamerika yatsinze cyane kuburyo ibarirwa muri za mirongo imaze kubyara. Ndetse igishushanyo nticyahindutse - "uburyo" bugezweho bwo mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20 cyabaye ikiranga itegeko rya Podolsk.
Imigani myinshi ijyanye nibikoresho "umuririmbyi". Umwe muri bo, uzwi cyane, avuga ko bivugwa ko mu 1998 ubuyobozi bw'ikigo gitera imbere, mu nzira, kugeza na n'ubu, kugeza uyu munsi, byatangaje ko ubwishyu bw'imashini zidoda guhera mu gice.
Ntamuntu numwe wabonye icyemezo cyemeza aya magambo, ariko antiary yatangiye kugura imashini zidoda ya sosiyete itababaje iyi mbaraga kandi muburyo. Byari gukomeza kuba ibihuha kuburyo tekinike yo kudoda abaza ibihumbi 30 kugeza kuri miliyoni 1 z'amadolari. Birumvikana ko inkuru ifite "serialings" ntacyo yarangije ikintu na kimwe, asiga abafana wikimenyetso cyimikono myiza, ariko yinjiye mu mico myinshi ishize.
Indi migani ifitanye isano nibiri muri palladium idasanzwe-yisi yose muburyo bwa mbere, buhabwa agaciro hejuru kuruta zahabu. Byongeye kandi, hari ibihuha bijyanye nibikubiye muri "Mercure itukura" murushinja rwabasaza "umuririmbyi" wa kera "umuririmbyi", uhagarariye agaciro gakomeye.
Ibyo aribyo byose - imashini zidoda zikirango cyabanyamerika ziracyahabwa agaciro kugeza ubu kandi ikiguzi cyabo mugihe cyimyaka ni cyo kwiyongera gusa. Kubwibyo, niba uko byavumbuye kubwimpanuka iri mu rugo, ntukihutire kubikuraho - nyuma yigihe bizahabwa agaciro cyane.
Isoko