Gushushanya gzhel - icyo aricyo, amateka yo kugaragara, ibintu na tekinike yo gushushanya

Abantu b'Abarusiya bazwiho akazi kabo. Mu bice bitandukanye no mu murima, igishushanyo cya Gzhel gifatwa ahantu hihariye. Igishushanyo ku Batwari muri ubu buryo budahuye bugabanuka ku isi. Ni ayahe mabanga yubuhanzi bwubumaji?

Ni iki Gzhel ashushanyije?

Iburasirazuba Moscou, ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Billjack, iherereye n'izina risa. Kumenya impamvu igishushanyo cyitwa Gzhel, tubona ko Ijambo ubwaryo ryabaye kuva ku nshinga "gutwika". Mu ntangiriro, ibicuruzwa byitwa ijambo "Zgel". GzHel yasaga nkaho yangiriye nabi umuntu, kandi inyuguti ziri mu zidomo zahinduwe. Izi shusho ku cerami ntizishobora kwitiranya ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Igicucu cyose cyamabara yubururu nubururu kumurongo wera kugirango umutako udasanzwe. Ubuhanga bwa Bushinwa butera irangizwa kuri mote ya feral n'imboga, hamwe ninyamanswa mubuzima bwo mucyaro.

Amateka ya Gzhel

Gushushanya "gushushanya gzhel" kubicuruzwa byibumba bifite amateka akize. Imyaka irenga 700 ishize, ubwo bwoko buzwi bwo guhanga bwagaragaye. Isi muburebure ikungahaye ku bubiko bwera. Bari babi kugirango bakure imigati, ariko batanze ibikoresho byiza byo gukora ibirwa. Ikintu cyagaragaye kigaragara kivuga ko abantu batuye hano batangirana nabanyabukorikori mu kinyejana cya 11.

Ibyerekeye iki gikorwa kivuga Moscou Karita Karita mubushake, cyasohotse mu 1328. Hanyuma, Ivan Grozny ubwe avuga ibyo bishushanyo bitangaje mu manota ye. Iterambere ry'abarobyi ryakiriwe mu kinyejana cya 17, ubwo ibikoresho by'ibumba byoherezwaga ku murwa mukuru. Noneho byari ibicuruzwa mubibazo bya farumasi ndetse nubukorikori bwose. Buhoro buhoro bamenyereye umusaruro wibikoni. Mu kinyejana cya 19, umusaruro wa kimwe cya kabiri cyashyizweho, kandi mu mpera z'ikinyejana kirangiye, abaturage ba Gzhel batangira gukora ibara ry'uburinganire no mu buryo buboneye.

GzHel Ibiranga Gushushanya

Uburyo bwakazi butangazwa cyane kuburyo bwakoreshejwe neza imbere yinzu, mu manonwa n'imyambaro. Ibiranga irangi ryamatambaro ya Gzhel:

• Ni intoki idasanzwe;
• Buri gihe cyera inyuma (idasanzwe - akazi k'indorerwamo, aho ishingiro ryijimye);
• Ibishushanyo n'imitako bigizwe no kuvanga amabara yubururu n'abazungu;
• Inzibacyuho zirangwa nubukarinde;
• Komeza urukurikirane rw'igicucu;
• Ingingo na decor yayo ni ibihimbano bihamye;
• Imiti milding ishimangira uburyohe bwubururu-cobalt.

Igishushanyo cya Gzhel ni iki

Ibikoresho byingenzi nibikoresho Ubuhanzi Gzhel bukoresha mugukora ibiremwa byayo, ni codatula, spora, sporula hamwe nubunini butandukanye. Ku ikubitiro, imiti yakozwe na chimique ikoreshwa mugihe irangi nyamukuru rifite ibara ryirabura. Ariko, mugihe cyo kurasa bimbwira ubururu. Ukurikije urwego rwibanze, ibicucu bitandukanye biraboneka.

Ibikoresho byibikoresho byuzuza ibirahuri palette, aho umuhanzi avanga irangi, ashaka ibara ryifuzwa. Igishushanyo cyuzuye kirimo igishushanyo cyera. Ibikurikira, ibicuruzwa byaka umuriro. Glaze ihinduka umucyo. Igishushanyo cya Gzhel gitanga indorerwamo yakira: ukurikije amajwi ya cobaaf, ibigize ishusho nziza yerekana irangi irasaba. Ingaruka ya 3D yubukonje bwa shelegi-cyera.

Gushushanya gzhel amabara yibanze

Gakondo, gushushanya gzhel bikorwa gusa nigicucu cyubururu. Muri ibyo byihariye, ubuhanga butangaje bwabahanzi ni: Ubufasha bwa KOLLER, kugirango yerekane paleher yose yisi. Urutonde rwamabara ntabwo ari kirekire cyane:

• Amavu n'amarondo - Umweru;
• Igicucu kinyuranye kuva ubururu bwijimye kugirango cyuzuze ubururu bwiza;
• Ububiko bwijimye;
• Ibara ryera ryera kumurongo wubururu mu kwakira indorerwamo ya projection;
• Igitambaro cya zahabu cyangwa platine.

Gukura Ubuhanga

Uburyo bugoye bukoreshwa bukoreshwa, kuva Gzhel ari ugushushanya intoki hamwe na brushes kuri chorcelain yatwitse. Tekinike igezweho itandukanye niyakoreshejwe mbere. Ba shebuja ba kera banditse ibibanza "uhereye ku rupapuro". Bazanye igishushanyo mbonera cyo gushushanya, bikungahaza nibice bishya. Noneho ikibanza cyose cyakusanyirijwe mbere hanyuma gishyirwa mubikorwa nta mpinduka zikomeye. Tekinike nyamukuru igabanijwe ukurikije:

• amabwiriza yimirongo ikoreshwa;
• Guteganya imashini zishimangirwa;
• Uburebure bwikirundo cyibikoresho byakoreshejwe.

Tekinike yibanze igizwe nubuhanga butandukanye:

1. Atkik . Ibice bito bishushanywa kurangiza ikirundo kirekire cyo gukara.
2. Igishinwa Craar . Igicucu bibiri gifata brush kandi gikomeza kwandika gushushanya kugeza kwiyuhama bigabanuka.
3. Gusiga igicucu . Muri iki kibazo, ibara ry'ubururu kuri brush rifite igicucu cya clucker, kandi cyera kigize umurongo ufunganye. Gushushanya Gzhel muriki kibazo yakiriye "igicucu".

Ibintu byo gushushanya gzhel

Abantu mubikorwa byabo byerekana ibibanza byukuri. Ibintu byo gushushanya Gzhel byatangajwe neza inkuru:

1. Imboga . Ubwoko bwibimera bya kera byahinduwe hamwe nibintu byiza.

   

2. Inyamaswa zihagarariwe cyane na Pernata

   

3. Imiterere ya mirongo . Ibishushanyo bikoreshwa muburyo bwa gride: "ibitonyanga", "ubwanwa", "ibimaro", "kwihatirwa" nibindi. Mubisanzwe, inkombe yimbaho ​​hamwe na gzhel irangi iremewe "abagenzuzi"

   

4. Ibihimbano . Igishushanyo gisanzwe kiva mubuzima bwabantu: imurikagurisha ryiza, imbeho yo hitatuye, amatorero, amatorero, ingingo yubuki.

   

Gzhel Tech

Inzira zose zigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitandukanye. Ibyiciro bya gushushanya gzhel - Gukoresha Brush byakubise umwe umwe, kugirango impinduka zibara zahinduye igice cya kabiri uhereye kumucyo numwijima. Kugenda bikozwe mu kigo kugeza ku nkombe. Ubwoko butandukanye bwo kugabanuka kwamabara birashoboka: kuva hagati yijimye kugeza ku nkombe. Itandukaniro ryinzibacyuho irashobora guhinduranya umuyoboro buhoro buhoro. Nugence ikurikira igira uruhare:

• Ubucucike n'ubugari bwa brush ikoreshwa na brush;
• icyerekezo cyo kugenda kw'ikirundo;
• Irangi ryubunini kubikoresho byumuhanzi.

Ibyingenzi byiterambere ryibikoresho:

1. Ibitonyanga byubururu nabazungu byihuta kugirango babone igicucu. Ingendo nziza zatoranijwe na kimwe cya kabiri.
2. Gutezimbere gushushanya GZHel birimo kwiga gusiga byoroshye - iyi yimuka kuri brush perpendicular kuri ikirundo.
3. Urashobora kumanuka tekinike yo gushushanya. Ubundi buryo bwo gukwirakwiza imbaraga ukanda uhereye kumurongo kugeza ku mpera yigikoresho hanyuma uyihindukire kuri 180 °.
4. Ibitonyanga byashushanyijeho byihuse bikuramo brush kuva hejuru yishusho, nyuma yo gukanda shingiro no gushyira ingingo.

Nigute ushobora gukora stencil yo gushushanya munsi ya gzhel?

Kora ibishushanyo mbonera ntibishobora kuba mubushinwa gusa. Impamvu zo guhanga zisa neza muburyo butandukanye nibintu bitandukanye. Gukora umunuko, uzakenera:

• urupapuro A4;
• Gort Gouache;
• koza imibare 1,2,3,6,8 ;8;
• Spatula, palette;
• amazi.

Nkurugero, urashobora gusuzuma igishushanyo cya plaque ya gzhel, ishusho yinyoni:

1. Kuri palette hamwe na spatula ikangirika.
2. Brush №8 winjize mu kibaho cyahukanye kugirango uruhande rumwe rufate neza amabara menshi.
3. Shyira urutoki ruto kurupapuro, kora umuhoro. Yerekana igihimbano.
4. Ibibero n'intangiriro yamababa bishushanyije hamwe nubuhanga bumeze nkibitonyanga hamwe na stroke ngufi.
5. Umurizo.
6. №3 Gutuma amababa yikubita hasi hamwe nigiciro cyijimye.
7. Brush №1 shushanya ibisobanuro bito.
8. Igishushanyo cyimuwe mu mpapuro kuriyi ngingo.

Gushushanya ibicuruzwa bya gzhel

Ibinyuranyo bya MELICs by'uyu muburobyi biratangaje, ariko uburyo gakondo buracyari igishushanyo cyera n'ubururu. "Ubururu bw'Uburusiya" bwitwa abaturage baremwe Masters Gzheli. Ibicuruzwa bihagarariwe nicyerekezo byinshi:

• igituza (urugero, gushushanya matryoshki gzhel);

• Uwo bahanganye (kureba kera);

• Coaf cobalt (kumutwe wijimye wera hamwe na zahabu);

• Ibaraza rya farashi na Percelain yera hamwe nisahani yera (ibisigazwa bitandukanye muri tone yubururu hamwe na glild glossy kandi irabagirana).