Ntabwo ibintu byose bikenewe kandi byingirakamaro kwisi byahimbwe cyangwa ngo bihimbwe byumwihariko. Amaboko amwe yumuntu wunguka, umunezero, utezimbere cyangwa koroshya ubuzima bwacu nawe, ntabwo byarangije umurimo wumurimo wabahanga kandi ugaragara kubwamahirwe. Ndaguhaye 10 ibintu nkibi.
Urubura
Uwahimbye: Frank Eppesson
Mubyukuri, Eppersonson wimyaka 11 ntabwo yabyaye impinduramatwara yihariye gusa mu nganda zibiribwa, ariko nanone yabaye umwanditsi w'imbuto ya mbere y'isi. Nk'uko umugani, nimugoroba, umuhungu yibagiwe ku kirahure cy'ikirahure hamwe na soda (byari imbeho), kandi ni uguma mu kirahure, ifu ya Soda irahanwa mu mazi. Nyuma yimyaka 18, mu 1923, Epperson yingimbi yakoresheje ubushakashatsi bwe mu bucuruzi maze afungura ubucuruzi muri Lemonade yakonje. Undi mwaka nyuma, uwahimbye abakire kuri "EPSyclach" ye (nk'uko byari bitwaga) ku buryo yatomboye amaguru mato, yashinze igihangano cyacyo maze akingura ikigo cya popcisc ". Nyuma yo kugurisha ipatate mu 1928, Eppersson yakiriye kugabanywa kuri buri "Porcent" yagurishijwe muri Amerika; Kugeza mu 1983, igihe ikirango cyaguraga ibiryo binini byisi bifata "Unileurs", igiciro cyacyo kingana na miliyoni 155 z'amadolari.
Super Glue
Uwahimbye: Harry Kutouver
Mu gihe cy'Abanyamerika wa kabiri b'Abanyamerika, Kutuver, wayoboye itsinda ry'abashakashatsi muri sosiyete "Eastman Kodak", yitabira iterambere ry'intwaro z'isi mu gihe kiboneka no kureba cya Cyanacrylic. Ntiyatsinze ibiboneka, ariko mu gihe Bumwe mubushakashatsi, itsinda ryose "HP hejuru" mubintu, muburyo bwa superclailam. Mu 1958, kole yasohotse mu bicuruzwa rusange; Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho, Kuove yitabiriye iterambere no gukora indi bwoko 320 cya Glue, incl. kole yo gukomera no kumuringaniza orgical orgical orgical; Kandi mugihe cyurupfu rwumuhanga mu 2011, ntabwo yari afite patentire 460.
Rimura
Uwahimbye: William Henry Perkin
Indi "Chendiste" itananirwa "kunanirwa kuva mu Bwongereza - imyaka myinshi ikomeje kugerageza gushaka ... imiti iva kuri malariya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu mwaka wa 1856, ubushakashatsi bwa Perkin yatumye habaho imvururu za mbere ya Singhique ku isi, kandi Percin, ntukabe umuswa, wateshaye vuba igihangano cyacyo. Bidatinze, yakinguye uruganda hafi ya London, kandi ku ya 1862 ngimbi y'umuhengeri bungutse gutya ko umwamikazi wa Victoria yakubise imyenda ashushanyijeho imizi. Kandi, nubwo umunezero w'icyatsi cyahise kijya mu oya, mu gihe kitarenze imyaka 10 Derkin yashoboye kubona miliyoni, mu myaka 60 yagurishije uruganda hanyuma yitangira gukora ubushakashatsi.
Teflon
Inventor: Roy Preakett
Ubundi kuvumburwa byakozwe kubera kwibagirwa no kwinubira ubushyuhe bwijoro. Umunyamerika Roy Paulkett yagerageje hamwe nimiterere ya gase mugihe cyiterambere ryibintu bikonje. Ku bw'amahirwe, gusiga imwe mu byitegererezo ku muhanda, mu gitondo, Pullkett yavumbuye ko ibintu byaranangiye kandi bihinduka ibishashara. Ubushakashatsi bwateje imbere ko mu myaka ya za 1945, isosiyete ikora igiteranyo, teflon ya Piteni, itangira kuyikoresha mu musaruro w'amajana y'ibicuruzwa (uhereye ku myanya y'ibyuma yandikiye inzitizi). Kugeza ubu, igihangano cyazanye Umwanditsi wacyo no muri miliyari y'amadorari y'abakora amadorari; Iyanyuma, nukuvuga, ifata umwanya wa 3 kurutonde rwisi yabakinnyi ba chiming.
Gusebanya
Uwahimbye: Leo hendrik Baklakan
Polymer Bakelite ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'amasahani. Ntabwo ishonga, ntabwo ishidika ubushyuhe, irwanya ibishushanyo, igitutu, guterana amagambo, ni insulator nziza kandi ikomeza ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha +300 C. Kuri Ubwubatsi no gukora intwaro no mu birori by'amashanyarazi (terefone, ibyuma, amasoko, amavuta yo murugo) hamwe na pan, umuswa, nibindi).
Ariko, ukomoka mu Bubiligi Baklalan yashakaga ibintu bitandukanye rwose - gusimbuza ibintu bisanzwe SEIn SELLAC, wakoreshwaga mu gukora ibintu bifatika kandi biranga. Shellac kandi yimuka neza ingaruka zo hanze, ariko icyarimwe yatwitse neza. Umuhigi w'Ububiligi amaze guhita ahita yica hares icyarimwe - abonye icyo yashakaga, kandi icyarimwe polymer ifite agaciro na plastiki ya mbere yisi. Mu 1910, Bakelan yateshaga kuvumbura, yashyizeho isosiyete "Bakteltit Parporation" kandi yongera miliyoni icumi z'amadolari ku giti cye ndetse no muri bo wenyine.
Petrolatium
Uwahimbye: Robert Chizbro
Mu myaka ya 1859, Chemiste w'imyaka 22 Chenbro yaje muri Pennsylvania gushaka ikiganza cye mu nganda za peteroli. Ku munsi mwiza muburyo bwose, yasanze ikintu gifatika hepfo ya sp ya mavuta, abanyamavuta bitwaga paraffin cyangwa "ibishashara byamacomo" kandi bikoreshwa mugukata no gutwika. Cheesebrosbro yigangira yafashe icyitegererezo, yiga ibintu kandi akuramo ibice bihari. Mu 1872, yapanze imisaruro ya Vazeline kandi yatunganijwe, mu myaka ya za 1870 zafunguwe i Londres, Paris na Barcelona, no mu 1911, ibihingwa bya Chizbro byari bimaze ku Burayi na Afurika. Igihe, mu 1987, isosiyete yabonye "Unilever" yose, yazanye miliyoni zirenga 75 z'amadolari.
Plastine
Uwahimbye: Joseph McVicker
Mbere yo kuba umwe mu myidagaduro yabana akunda, yakoreshejwe mumyaka 22 nka ... Gusukura ibikoresho byallpaper. Ariko, mu myaka ya za 1954, umukazana wa Joe McViker - umukozi wa wakoze plastike ya plastikine - yafashe ikintu cy'incuke, aho yakoraga nk'umurezi kugirango abereke abana. Plastine yashimishijwe cyane n'abana, nyuma y'inkuru y'Umukazana, McVicker yahise amenya agaciro k'ubucuruzi bwe kandi atangiza igitekerezo cy'ubuyobozi bwe. Gufungura amahugurwa ya sosiyete, Umunyamisite yongeyeho Dyes na Almond uburyohe butandukanye bwa Plastikine, yashyizwe ahagaragara $ 1.5 kuri banki (icyarimwe akomeje guhana "Conteani) kandi mu myaka ine yongerewe inyungu za sosiyete Kuva ku gihumbi 100 kugeza kuri miliyoni 3 mu 1960 yatandukanije na sosiyete nkuru maze aba nyir'uruganda rwe; B1964-M MACViCer yagurishije umusaruro no guta amata ya miliyoni 18 z'amadolari.
Stickers "Inyandiko -
Uwahimbye: Arthur Fry
Ubushishozi bw'Imana bwagiye kuri Fry Ku cyumweru mu gitondo cyo mu 1973, igihe yaririmbye muri korari y'itorero. Imiterere ya Umwanditsi windirimbo Pray yahoraga areka, nuko umuririmbyi wa veluck warashwe mumagambo kandi ko yahatiwe kongera gushakisha kurupapuro rwiburyo. Hanyuma yibuka amahugurwa y'ifeza-ya Sunsiyor-pasiporo ya pansiyo, aho yasuye ko ifeza yatangaga ko yakiriye ibintu bidasanzwe, ariko kugeza igihe azi aho yabona gukoresha ubucuruzi. Na fry. Nibyo, inzira yo guteza imbere, gushakisha ubushakashatsi no kuyishyira mubikorwa mubikorwa byatwaye imyaka hafi 8, ariko ibisubizo birakwiye rwose. Kugeza ubu, imihango igera kuri 6 igera ku magare igurishwa buri mwaka; Isosiyete ikora ibisabwa hafi 400 zitandukanye zabakomeye nikaye kandi iyigurisha mubihugu birenga 100 kwisi.
Microwave
Uwahimbye: Percy Spencer
Gerageza igikoresho cyo kumenya indege yumwanzi, injeniyeri y'Abanyamerika Perceer yashonze ku bw'impanuka mu mufuka. Umuhanga yahise amenya ko imirasire ya Microwave yanzwe, kandi ikomeza gukora iperereza kumitungo yabo kubindi biryo. Muburyo bwo kwerekana ko abatsinze bakingura, abatsinda ryaturitse amagi inshuro nyinshi, bategura imizi inshuro nyinshi, kandi mu mpera za 1940 zashizwemo imyenda ya microwave kandi zigaburira umusaruro mwinshi kandi batanga ibyiza kumusaruro rusange. Umwaka ushize, Igicuruzwa cya Samenyo ni cyo rwiyemezamirimo munini w'ishami ry'uburengerazuba n'abakora microwave ya Microwave - ringana na miliyari 25 z'amadolari; Spenger Spencer ifite umwanya wa Visi Perezida mukuru n'Umuyobozi w'Inama y'Ubuyobozi.
Lipucca clasp
Uwahimbye: George de Mestern
Mu 1941, nyuma yo kwiruka mu mudugudu muto wo mu Busuwisi, umuhanga mu mudugudu muto wo mu Busuwisi, watoboye umwete igishushanyo cy'igitugu givuye mu ipantaro. Ushishikajwe na "Pontaling" y'iki gihingwa, de Mecral Yize indabyo munsi ya microscope ibona ko ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukurikiza imiti ihabwa amagana, akwirakwiza hejuru. Kuba kuzigama mu mirima myinshi ya siyansi, de messral yatangiye guteza imbere ibikoresho bishya, kandi mu myaka icumi velcro yagaragaye ku kugurisha. Icyakora, kugira ngo akubye Icyamamare bw'umuguzi mu gihimbano, Ubusuwisi bwari bumaze imyaka 20: mu ntangiriro ya 70, Velcro yatangiye gukoreshwa mu gukora ibisaruro bya NASA by'agateganyo, kandi kugurisha ibikoresho byatangiye Gukura umuvuduko mwinshi. Dukurikije umugore wa nyakwigendera de nyakwigera mu icumu, imyaka 30 ishize yabayeho kandi agaburira umuryango gusa ku kugabanuka kwapata.
Isoko