Icyitonderwa. Ingingo ikoresha imvugo iteganijwe.
Mugura inzu irangiye, nyirayo mubi mubihe byose akora injangwe mumufuka. Kandi ntacyo bitwaye, iyi nyubako nshya cyangwa ivuguruye kera. Abubatsi bafata kandi bagasana amazu yigenga n'amazu yigenga mugihe gito gito, gihora kigira ingaruka kumihanya yabo no kuramba. Utitaye ku mpamvu zitera isura, gucamo ni satelite kenshi kandi yizerwa yinyubako ninzego zibuye. Bizaba ku manza zitoroshye zaya nenge zidashimishije kandi ziteye akaga - ibice byubatswe, bikora nkibimenyetso bijyanye no kugaragara kwuburyo bwibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu bitwara ibintu. Kugirango uhagarike iterambere ryimiterere, ugomba guhagarika kwimuka no gukosora ibintu, hanyuma usane kandi "kwiyoberanya".
Icyitonderwa. Gucika kurangiza ntabwo buri gihe bisobanura kuba hari inenge yibikoresho byurukuta. Nibyiza kumenya neza ko ibikoresho bitwara byangiritse, Gusiba igice cyurugero no kwerekana ahantu hafite inenge kugirango babone.
Reka duve mu nyigisho dusuzume imanza eshatu zikunze kugaragara mu kugendera ku moko: gusenyuka, guhagarika no gutandukana kwaguka.
Gusenyuka
Mugihe cyo gusenyuka, inkuta ningoga bifite isura igaragara ituruka hanze, rimwe na rimwe uzunguza. Urukuta rurashobora kandi kuvanwa cyangwa guhindurwa nindege yose. Mubihe byinshi, ibi biherekejwe no kugaragara mu mfuruka zo hejuru yumuryango no gufungura idirishya.
Ukurikije urwego rwo gukwirakwiza, gusenyuka birashobora kuba:
Byuzuye. Bose bitwaje inkuta zo hanze zahinduwe muburyo butandukanye.
Bituzuye (igice). Inkuta zimwe zahinduwe.
Muri ibyo bihe byombi, niyo haba hari urukuta rumwe gusa, turasaba gushyiramo ikirangwa kumpande zose kugirango tuziteze iterambere ryibindi tukuta.
Ukurikije urwego rwo gusenyuka kurukuta, ingamba zitandukanye zikoreshwa mubujyakuzimu. Twagabanya agamije impamyabumenyi yo gusenyuka mu byiciro bitatu - Umucyo, giciriritse kandi gikomeye, kandi umbwire icyo washyira mu bikorwa muri buri kibazo.
Umucyo Gusenyuka
Ibimenyetso
Inkuta z'inkuta zigaragara ku buryo bugaragara ku rubuga kugera 1/3 cyurukuta rwurukuta (udafite uburebure bwurufatiro). Kuruhuka mu mfuruka zo gufungura muri 50% byimanza. Ibice bisigaye byinkuta nifatizo nibisanzwe (bitarenze, guhinduranya).
Impamvu
Bibaho kubera kwitirirwa cyangwa kubura Armopoyasi, kurenza urugero hejuru yinzu, mugihe cyo gushiraho igorofa kumukuta wa kera.
Icyitonderwa. Ikosa rikunze kugaragara ku gisenge kirenze urugero rwuzuye urubura.
Uburyo bw'iterambere
Muri iki gihe, kubushakashatsi bwicy'inkuta, birakwiriye koresha ibyuma (nyuma - umugozi) ku mfuruka ihagarara. Muri icyo gihe, nko mu manza zose zo gukoresha utubari zitandukanye, intego izarengana hanze y'urukuta rufite uhagaze muburyo bw'urukiramende. Rimwe na rimwe, birakenewe gukora ingendo nkoranyambaga yo kwifuza mu rukuta rw'igitero.
Ni iki kizatwara:
Ibyuma 100x100 mm (byibuze 75x75) - 4 m.
Umuyoboro 1 santimetero - 1 m.
Sitidiyo hamwe nu mutwe wa 20 mm - 4 m.
Imbuto n'amasaruza munsi y'urugongo.
Uruziga (ibyuma by'icyuma) hamwe na diameter ya mm 20 cyangwa akabari 40x4 mm - uburebure bwa perimetero.
Gusudira, gusiga amabara.
Icyitonderwa. Ntabwo udashaka gushyira mu bikorwa ibishushanyo kumwanya, kubera ko bidakozwe kumurimo wo hanze kandi ugakurikiza ruswa.
Nigute ushobora guhagarika inguni: Ku mfuruka ya 100x100 mm ndende, ingana na vertex yurukuta kugeza hejuru yurukuta, wongeyeho 20% kuri mm 150 barasuye.
Umubare uhagarara uhwanye numubare winguni (4).
Urutonde rw'akazi:
Inkoni (imirongo) irasudira mumababi abiri akomeye kurukuta rwinzu ukuyemo MM 200 mm (mugihe cyo gukomera).
Noneho imyizerere ifite impera yubusa ya MM 200 irasudira ku mpera.
Studit iratangwa mumitsi na ecran basudikurwa hagati yabo hagati.
Igishushanyo cyose cyateraniye kwisi kandi gishyizwe ku burebure bukenewe.
Ingano yimbuto ikorwa muri leta ya voltage.
Icyitonderwa! Gukoresha amashusho yicyuma hanyuma utekehrede, ibuka ko bagenewe gukosora inkuta. Kugerageza gusubiza inkuta muburyo bwambere birashobora guhinduka muri tron hamwe nimirenge.
Igishushanyo cyumugozi wicyuma kirashobora gutandukana. Kurugero, kubijyanye no kumurika nka divayizina, urashobora gukoresha umuyoboro nkimwe, impande nyinshi cyangwa enye zose. Kwishyiriraho bizagorana, ariko umutwaro wose uva kurukuta uzagabana cyane skewler ikomeye.
Gusenyuka hagati
Ibimenyetso
Ibimenyetso byose byumucyo gusenyuka bikoreshwa kurwego rwa 50% yuburebure bwurukuta (ukuyemo urufatiro). Ibishoboka byo guhagarika inguni nimbibi zibitekerezo - 80%.
Impamvu
Abanyarmopoya. Kubura ubumwe bw'inguni no ku Majori mu bikoresho, kwambara cyane ibikoresho, kurenza urugero.
Uburyo bw'iterambere
Muri ibi bihe, hazakoreshwa inguni ikomeye. Irateguwe kimwe na monocoise, ariko hejuru yuburebure bwose bwurukuta kandi ifite imikandare myinshi. Hamwe no gusenyuka, birasabwa gutegura imikandara itatu.
Mubihe byose, uruziga rushobora gusimburwa nimirongo ya 10x40 mm.
Icyitonderwa! Ikirangagurika kigomba kuba cyiza (zikomeza umutwaro). Kugoreka - mm 250.
Gusenyuka gukomeye
Ibimenyetso
Ibimenyetso byose byumucyo numucyo, ariko kurwego rwarenga 50%. Mu gihe kinini cyimanza, biherekejwe no kugaragara kwimbitse, rimwe na rimwe bifungura, ibice ku rukuta na fondasiyo.
Impamvu
Akenshi uhindura shingiro cyangwa umusingi uhuza nibitera umucyo nubucama. Irashobora guherekezwa no gusenya igice cyifatizo.
Uburyo bw'iterambere
Gusoma, clip ikomeye inguni ikoreshwa nurukuta rugumana (sub-standard) cyangwa umukandara woroshye wa Fondasiyo.
Urukuta rugumana cyangwa igice cyigice ni igice cyinyungu zikoreshwa ahantu hahindutse.
Gusimbuza umukandara ni ikintu cyo gusana cyagenewe kuzamura inkuta zishira mu burebure. Ikoreshwa nibiba ngombwa kugirango dushimangire umusingi. Ibikoresho - gushimangira beto.
Igikoresho. Suzuma ku karorero k'ahantu ho ku mfuruka. Umukandara ukomeye uranyuzwe nuburyo bumwe.
Ubwa mbere ukeneye kumenya ibipimo byumugongo. Turamutse duhujije ingamba nkizo, bivuze ko kubara umutwaro bitinze, cyane cyane ko urufatiro rusanzwe ruguma aho. Kubwibyo, tworoshya kubara mu cyerekezo cyo kongera ububiko bwumutekano. Ubunini bwubutaka bugomba kuba 50% byurukuta rwurukuta, ariko ntabwo ari munsi ya mm 400. Niba bishoboka, hepfo yubutaka nurufatiro bigomba kuba kurwego rumwe. Ikigereranyo cyiza cyigice kinini-cyigice kugeza munsi yubutaka ni 1 icya gatatu hejuru yubutaka, 2 cya gatatu munsi yubutaka.
Icyitonderwa! ICYEMEZO CY'UBURENGANZIRA MU BURUNDU RUGOMBA GUKORA (KUGARAGAZA 90 °). Uruhande ntarengwa rwimfuruka ni mwinshi mukibaho.
Urutonde rw'akazi:
Duhinduranya ahantu wangiritse kandi dusukura umwobo. Dusukura urukuta rw'ifatizo kuva amavuta n'ibisigara bingana, ibisigazwa by'amazi.
Tugaburira kurukuta rwurufatiro rwumwobo dufite diameter ya mm 18 mubwimbitse bwa mm 200 mumyanya ya mm 200 mm.
Dutwara amapine yo gushimangira hamwe na diameter ya mm 16 nuburebure bungana nubwinshi bwumugongo wongeyeho mm 200 mm (bitwarwa murukuta) ukunzwe na mm 40).
Duhuza insinga yo kuboha mumapaki yakoranye hamwe na diameter ya mm 16 mu ntambwe ya mm 200.
Dukora mm 10 kuva mu rwego rwo gushimangira clamp ya mm 10 p-shusho mubunini bwa beam (umwanya winyuma) 600x3x600 mm (uburebure bwa mm 1600) hanyuma ubishyire mu ntambwe ya mm 200.
Shyiramo imikorere mubunini.
Dushyira ruto (uruganda cyangwa rwatetse) hamwe no kunyeganyega.
Nyuma yo gufata amajwi (iminsi 3), dukuraho imiterere kandi dusabe amazi.
Turatanga umushahara wubutaka hamwe na tampray.
Umunyu
Urukuta rwuzuye mu nyubako. Birashobora kuba byuzuye cyangwa igice (utuzuye). Muburyo butandukanye bwo guhindura (urumuri, hagati, gukomera), uburyo bumwe bwo guhagarara bukoreshwa.
Icyitonderwa. Kubwo gusana, bizasaba akazi gusudira imbere mucyumba, akenshi bifitanye isano no gusohora inyubako yose. Kwita ku mutekano w'umuriro.
Urugereko rw'Uzuye
Ikimenyetso
Inkuta eshatu n'indi zirenga mu nyubako (muri dogere zitandukanye).
Impamvu
Intege nke Arimoomas, kwambara ibintu, kurenga ku ikoranabuhanga mu gihe cyo kubaka (igisubizo gifite intege nke, nta nkomangwa ry'impano, n'ibindi).
Uburyo bw'iterambere
Umwanya ukomeye wo kwishyigikira ibyuma (ikadiri) kumpera-kugeza ku mpera.
Ni iki kizatwara:
Perforator hamwe na mm ya 18-20.
Schwell 50x100-150 - Uburebure bungana na perimetero yinkuta kugirango imbaraga.
Icyuma 200x200x3-4 mm (kugeza kuri 300x300).
Armature 16 - 3 ibibyimba kuri buri cya metero ya Mongon.
Gusudira neza (voltage), amabara.
Uburyo bwo gukora:
Turateganya perimetero yinkuta kugirango nkomeze. Nibiba ngombwa, tumenagura umwobo wikoranabuhanga (kumuyoboro) mubice.
Dugabanye buri rukuta kugera kumurongo hafi ya 600-700 Mm (ariko ntakindi). Kuva kuri buri mwiherero wenyine ½ intambwe.
Ingoma unyuze mu mwobo 18-20 mm.
Amasahani yicyuma pelly gusudira ibizamini byo gushimangira, bingana nurukuta rwuzuye wongeyeho mm 100.
Dushiraho inanga ryavuyemo mugufungura isahani hanze.
Nyuma yo kugerageza kuva imbere buri muyoboro, ubishyire munsi yimyobo.
Dutwika gusudira umwobo muri Chaserler dukurikije gushimangira.
Kenyera hejuru ya Sheller ya Sholler (izaryama kurukuta).
Shyira umuyoboro ku mapine mu mwobo.
Andika amapine mu mwobo.
Muri ubwo buryo, dushimangira gukomeza Chavell.
Iyo Peimeter yose yashizwemo, asunika umuyoboro hagati yabo mugisambo kandi agashyire hejuru kuva ku bijyanye no gushimangira 16 - 2 ku ngingo hamwe no gufunga MM 300.
Kuzamura inguni muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose (kugirango usuhereme).
Ihitamo ryiza kubujura nkubwo nibwo bifunze hamwe nigisenge cyahagaritswe. Noneho urashobora gutondekanya diwogonal. Niba igisenge gihagarikwa kidateganijwe, ipine ifunze nisanduku.
Icyitonderwa! Amasahani hanze kandi asudi kuri bo fittings, anyura imbere y'urukuta - ikiraro gikomeye cy'ubukonje kandi kizasenya urukuta ruhuza. Witondere gutanga amasahani, urukuta rwose ni rwiza.
Igice
Ikimenyetso
Inkuta imwe cyangwa ebyiri zari zari zuzuye.
Impamvu
Urukuta ruherereye hafi yumuhanda wa animasiyo (hamwe na tram). Gukaraba amazi yookmospapir.
Uburyo bw'iterambere
Igikoresho cyo gufunga igice ukurikije ihame ryashikamye. Igice cyinguni cyahagaritswe kingana na kimwe cya gatatu cyuburebure bwurukuta rwinshi, ariko ntabwo ari munsi ya metero 1.5.
Hamwe no kumeneka hamwe / kumena (iyo inkuta zashyizwe mubyerekezo bitandukanye), hakoreshwa urwego rwimbere (mbere ya byose) hamwe nuwa kabiri) hamwe. Mubihe bikomeye, amahitamo yose yongeza cyangwa guhuza bikoreshwa.
Ishami ryagutse
Reba ibintu bigoye kandi icyarimwe urubanza ruzwi.
Ikimenyetso
Unyuze mu mfuruka cyangwa gusangwa hamwe ninyubako ikomeye ifite impuzandengo cyangwa urukuta rwinyuma rwinyuma.
Impamvu
Kubura kugeza kurukuta rwinyubako nkuru mugihe cyo kubakagurwa (muri 90% byimanza). INGINGO ZIDASANZWE MU NKUNGU ZA KURING. Kurenza urugero kwagutse (Umusumari, BOCONY).
Uburyo bw'iterambere
Guhuza binyuze kuri, igice cya kabiri cyangwa akazu ka ankeri no gusubira inyuma:
Binyuze muri clip - guteranya kunyura mu rukuta rwabatwara hanyuma ugakosora (imbuto, gusudira) ku ipine cyangwa isahani iherereye imbere y'urukuta.
Urukiko rwa kabiri ni uruhande rumwe rw'ubwoko bwanyuze, uwa kabiri ashyirwaho hanze ku mbuto.
Akazu ka Anchor - gusunika bishyirwaho ibice by'inguzanyo byateguwe ku banango mu rukuta rw'inyubako.
Urashobora gutondekanya kimwe murubwo buryo ukoresheje amabwiriza hejuru.
Amategeko yikikoresho cya Anchor Anth:
Ipine cyangwa isahani yinangiye, iherereye imbere mu nyubako, ntagomba kugwa hejuru yumuryango.
Ibice by'inguzanyo mu rukuta byateguwe ku ntera ya 1/3 z'uburebure bw'urukuta rwo kwaguka rwatandukanijwe n'ingingo z'inkike, ariko ntabwo ari munsi ya metero 1.5. Kubisobanuro amanota 3 diameter kuva 12, ubujyakuzimu 2/3 byurukuta.
Numubare wa anchor winjiza amasaha arenga 2, hamwe no gusenyuka muburebure muri metero 1.
Urukuta rwinyubako nyamukuru ntirukwiye kugira ubumuga no gucika intege.
Igice gishobora kuba gitandukanye (munsi y'urukuta rwo hanze) no mu burebure bwose bw'urufatiro rw'ifatizo. Muri uru rubanza, armature irafunze mu rufatiro rw'inyubako nyamukuru ku nguni.
Kenshi na kenshi, amoko yasobanuwe haruguru aboneka munzu avuye kuri Mergel cyangwa amatafari, yashyizwe mu ibumba. Ndetse no mubihe byambere byibitabo (kugaragara kw'imigabane mito), turasaba gushyira mu bikorwa ikirizwa nakuwe mu nzu ku mfuruka. Wibuke ko icyuma icyo ari cyo cyose cyanyuze mu rukuta mucyumba ni ikiraro gikonje kandi kizagira ingaruka mbi ku rukuta rw'urukuta, niba rutaremewe.
Isoko