Mtanda Scredriver - lingaliro lofunikira pa chida chilichonse. Koma izi mu 1930s, sizinatengedwe kangapo ndi ukadaulo nthawi yomweyo.
Kuwoneka koyamba kwa zomangira zapamwamba ndi "thyathyathya "zakale za zaka za XVI, pafupifupi fomu yosasinthika adakhalapo isanayambe kwa zaka za zana la 20.
Pofika nthawi ino, zomangira zomwe zili ndi slit zidadabwitsani kale madandaulo ambiri, koma anali atangochita mpikisano chifukwa cha zotsika mtengo. Zovuta za "zomangira" zapakale "zidanenedwa kwambiri ndi msonkhano waukulu, makamaka, m'makampani agalimoto. Choyamba, mbolayi sinalimangidwe, chifukwa cha izi, makina ojambulajambula nthawi zambiri amavomerezedwa, ndikusiya zigawo za thupi. Kachiwiri, mukamapotoza, zomangira ndi zomangira nthawi zambiri "zidakokedwa", ndikusintha mutu kapena kuwononga omangira. Ndi zofooka izi ndipo zimasonkhana kuti zigonjetse waku America waku America Thompson, mu 1933 adasiyira screwriver ndi chingwe chokhomera ndikugwedeza mutu woyenera. Komabe, kuyesa kugulitsa zoyambitsa kwa opanga zida sizinapangitse bwino. Mu 1934, Thompsson adadziwana ndi injiniya Henry Phillips ndipo adamufotokozera tanthauzo lake. Phillips ndimakonda lingaliroli, adagula ufulu wa Thompson ndikuwongolera kampani ya Phillips Phillips (ikadakhalapobe). Mu 1936, adasintha matekinoloje ndikupanga njira yopangira zomangira. Zomangira zopumira zokha zimangoyang'ana spriverriver, ndipo sizinalole kuti "kukokomeza" - mbola ya chida idangoyambira.
Komabe, Phillips adachotsedwa kulikonse. Pomaliza, adakwanitsa kukondweretsa Yujina Clark, Purezidenti American Scrop Commake, wopanga hardware ku United States. Ngakhale mainjiniya akanatsutsa Clark kotero adavomera kuti andiwopseza kuti "amadalitsa aliyense amene anganene kuti sizingatheke kutanthauza." Chiwopsezo chinachitapo kanthu, ndipo kampaniyo, yokhazikitsidwa m'gulu lopanga theka la miliyoni, linayamba kupanga zomangira pansi pa "mtanda". Mu 1937, GM inayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira izi popanga mitundu ya Cadillac. Zotsatira zake zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri mpaka 1940, opanga magalimoto onse aku America adasinthidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitsuko, ndipo opanga zida za Hadwa adamangidwa kuti agule chilolezo. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, opanga zida zankhondo - akasinja ndi ndege adasamutsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomata izi.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zomata zambiri zosiyanasiyana zidapangidwa - ndipo pansi pa polyhedra, komanso pansi pa nyenyezi za mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Koma ngakhale izi, mtanda zomangira (mumitundu yolankhula Chingerezi) amatchedwa dzina la wopanga - Phillips) kukhalabebe muyezo wazida.
Chiyambi