Mu 1920s, kutayika kwa otchi otchinga kunayamba kuwonekera m'masitolo aku America - nsapato zoyenererana. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri inali yosavuta: ndikuyika mwendo mu chipinda chapansi, wogula adawoneka kudzera mu chubu chapadera momwe chirike nsapatoyo pamapazi. Chidacho chinafuwula kumapazi kudutsamo, kotero mutha kuwona fupa lililonse komanso lembalo laokha.
Umu ndi momwe zimafotokozera Vladimir Nazokov mu "Dara":
"Mphuno inalowa mozizwitsa, koma polowa, mwachita khungu: kuyenda kwa zala mkati sikunawonekere mbali yosalala yakunja ya chikopa chakuda. Wogulitsayo wokhala ndi liwiro lazinthu zodulira malekezero a zingwe - ndipo adagwira nsapatoyo ndi zala ziwiri.
"Basi!" Adatero. "Zatsopano Nthawi Zonse ..." Anapitiliza pang'ono, "mosakhalitsa, akuyembekezera, ungathe kuyika zosezo zanga pansi pa chidendene. Koma angoyikamo mwatsopano. Koma angodziwona yekha ! " Ndipo adapita naye ku X-ray, adawonetsa komwe angaike mwendo. Poyang'ana pawindo, iye anawona mafupa ake amdima, olekanitsidwa bwino kwambiri pa maziko.
Chipangizocho chinayamba kulanda malo ogulitsira nsapato ku North America ndi Europe. Ku England, amatchedwa pedoskope, ku Germany - Shuususkopu. A Stuscopes (Iye ndi zida zaluso) zamakina a Opaleshoni ya Mastauen X-Rays adatsegula ulemu wake. Mtengo wa "chotchinga" ndi X-ray chosiyana ndi $ 800 mpaka $ 1000.
Ngakhale mtengo wokwera, mwini sitolo amafuna kuti apeze zatsopano. Kutchuka kwa kutchuka kunabwera pa zaka za kupsinjika kwakukulu: Anthu anayesa kusankha nsapato ndi malingaliro kuti isavalidwe nthawi imodzi. Bizinesi ya eni ake anali abwino, ali kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, asayansi sananene za momwe zidazi ziliri zovulaza.
Sanalingalire zoopseza kwa ogula: osachepera kunalibe kuvulala. Ogulitsa ambiri ogulitsa: manja awo amagwa molunjika pamapulogalamu a 114 MD / H), pomwe adagwa mapazi awo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti dermatitis ndi matenda ena apakhungu. Chimodzi mwazovulala kwambiri zokhudzana ndi ntchito ya olodsuscope idalembedwa mu mtundu wa nsapato, zomwe chifukwa cha radiation idayenera kuthira mwendo.
Omwe adalandira malamulo padziko lonse lapansi adayamba kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma pedoscopes (kotero, ana amakhoza kungowagwiritsa ntchito ka 12 pachaka, zomwe sizinathere ogulitsa), chifukwa cha US, adasowa kwathunthu ku masitolo pofika 1960, ndipo UK ndi Canada - mu 1970 -m.
chiyambi