Nthawi zambiri, maambulera ambiri amasungabe chifukwa chaching'ono, chomwe chimakhala chophweka chotsani ngakhale mumisiri yachilendo. Kwenikweni, kupatulidwa pamalo a Hingi pamtunda womwe umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito axis. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi katundu waukulu wokhala ndi "A" (mkuyu. 1), Popeza umulungu wokutira ukunyamula katundu waukulu, ndipo ngakhale atapanikizika pang'ono kuwonongeka, chifukwa cha Ma Springs Powersings kuponderezana mbewa.
Kuyamba kukonza kutsatsa, koyambirira, iyenera kuchotsedwa voliyumu mu zinthu za maambulera, opangidwa ndi maguwa a masika. Komwe kumapeto kwa ma ambulera kumakhalabe kumapumira pakhomo lililonse, mwachitsanzo, pakhomo, ndikukhazikika kwa maambulera opindika kuti zitheke kugwetsa mbewa zonse kasupe m'malo opanikizika. Kumasulira mbewazi, ndikosatheka kufooketsa masika, apo ayi pamabasi ena.
Kukonza mapidwe osweka azikhala ndi chindapusa. Kuti muchite izi, kudula kwa 0,2 ... 0.3-mamilimita millimen mbale ndi kukula kwa 45 × 13 mm (m'lifupi mwake), sikuti nthawi zonse imakhazikika pagawo lotalika), tembenuzani Mbaleyo mu "Mbale" kuti atembenuzire izi anali atayikidwa mwamphamvu kukhumudwitsidwa, perekani chithunzi chomwe mukufuna (mkuyu. 2, a).
Nthano yosweka ndi yoyera imatulutsidwa ku nsalu ngati yoyamba ikuwonongeka - imawongoletsedwa. Magawo a malekezero olumikizidwa omwe adzapezeke pansi pa khola, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa ndi kuchuluka. Ngati axis yolumikizidwa (yonse) yomwe ili ndi zofooka, malo omwe ali ndi axis amakhazikitsidwa m'malo mwake. 2, b, axis mbali zonse ziwiri zimamatira kuntchito, ikani zolumikizira (mkuyu. 2, b). Kukonzekera pamalo ofunikira, kutha kwa mphamvu ndi zingwe mothandizidwa ndi kufinya, chingwecho chimathandizidwa panthaka osasokoneza axis axis. Lowani mwamphamvu muyeso wina theka lina la istist (mkuyu. 2, d), pambuyo pake, pambuyo pake imakhazikika ndipo chingwe chotalikirana chonse chikusowa. Tsamba lolumikizira limatsogolera ku mawonekedwe oyenera, ndikuyang'ana momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Ngati axis panthaka yomwe ili pachimake imalimba kwambiri, imachotsedwa, dzenjelo limakhazikika m'dzenje la 1.5, lomwe limagwirizana ndi waya , zomwe zingagwire gawo la axis. Kenako, amagwira ntchito zomwe zimagwirizanira pamutu womwe wofotokozedwa pamwambapa. Amakhalabe kuchotsa waya, pangani nkhwangwa ya kutalika komwe mukufuna kuchokera pamenepo ndikulumikiza nkhwangwa ya impost. Kotero kuti axis sagwera kunja kwa chidwi ndipo sanamamake ku nsalu, imawazidwa kumbali zonse ziwiri (mkuyu. 2, e). Minofu yokhazikika kuti ibwezeretse. Ngati pali mwayi wopezeka pamalopo a m'gulu la matenthedwe, nsalu kuchokera kwa chimango ndikwabwino kuti musasunthidwe, koma kuti mupewe kukwera madontho otentha a tini ndikofunikira kuyika gasiketi pakati pa nsaluyo ndi tsamba la nsanja. Kuwonongeka kumathetsanso komanso ku B. Onani mkuyu. 1).
Maambulera, momwe zinthu zimapangidwira chitsulo (pankhaniyi, kodi lipoti lophwanyika), b ndi b ndi lolumikizidwa ndi chipata chanji. Mu maambulera oterowo, kuwonongeka kwa chimbudzi nthawi zambiri kumachitika mkati mwanu. 1), popeza mphamvu ya chipongwe imafooketsa ndi dzenje lomwe limayambitsa mbewa za akasupe. Pokonza izi kuchokera pa waya wachitsulo cholimba, kuyimilira, mawonekedwe a komwe akuwonetsedwa mkuyu. 3, a. Waya amasankhidwa ndi mainchesi chonchi kuti kuyikako kwamphamvu pakati pa mapidwe amtsogolo. Kutalika kwa kulowetsa kwathunthu kuli pafupifupi 45 ... 50 mm. Chofunikira chachikulu kuti muikemo kuti mukhazikitse icho pamalo osungirako Hook ndi kusuntha momasuka mu pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuyika pawokha sikunasokonezedwe ndi maambulera. Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya matope omwe ali kusokonekera, mukufunikirabe kulozedwa ndi makulidwe a 0,2 ... 0.3 mm kuti apange zingwe (mkuyu 3, b). Popeza anali atapanga othamanga, imakhala ndi chizolowezi cholumikizidwa, pezani malo omaliza kuti alowetse tini yopyapyala kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri Hook Hook (mkuyu. 3, b), ndikuyika kumapeto kwa kulowetsa mkatimo. Kupitilira apo, pathanzi la kuyikako, pali gawo lachiwiri la indost, templeps kuzungulira ikani ndikuzimiririka kutalika kwathunthu. Kuti muwonjezere kudalirika kwa kulumikizana kwa malo obwezeretsedwa, mabowo amavala, dzenjelo limathamangitsidwa kale ndi mainchesi a 1.2, omwe amagwirizana ndi bowo pa kusinthika ndi kugulitsidwako.
Pali zochitika mukatha kukonza maambulera amtunduwu sizikulunga kwathunthu. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe izi ndikusamuka kwa makutu a makutu obwezeretsedwa (makamaka mu node a), nthawi zambiri kumachokera kumbali-zomangira zomangira kumbuyo kwawo. Kuti muchepetse chilema chotere, muyenera kusintha nyundo yaying'ono pamavuto a mbali ya makutu kuti musunthire khutu pamalo oyenera. Chonde dziwani kuti zomwe mukumva zogwirizana kwambiri ndi ndodo zimapangidwa (onani mkuyu. 3, a).
M'malo mwake, kusokonekera kosweka kumakonzedwa pokhapokha pa kusapezeka kochokera ku impando waukulu kuchokera kwina kulikonse kuti ukonzenso ngati maambulera. Patulani zolakalaka zofuna za ambulera sizikhala zovuta. Ndikokwanira kudula ndi mpeni wokutira wa nkhwangwa pamawu oyenera ndikuwasiyanitsa ndi malo ena ndi mawonekedwe. Ndipo axis ya "yatsopano" ndiyosavuta kuchita kuchokera ku waya (kapena kwapadera) mwa mainchesi omwe mukufuna, osayiwala kugulitsira malekezero a malekezero amtsogolo.
Mu maambulera okhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo zamasupe, limodzi ndi pamwambapa, zitsulo nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza mphamvu kasupe. Ndikuwona kuti manja onse abwino omwe ndidachita nawo, adasankha, kotero adayenera kugwiritsa ntchito manja oyenera ku maambulera ena. Mutha kukhazikitsa chovala chatsopano kudutsa pamwamba komanso kudutsa pansi pa ma ambulera. Mumangofunika kudziwa kuti ndi yovuta kungogogoda: kapena studiti, kutseka chogwirira, kapena studiti, mutagwira mfundo zapamwamba. Choyamba, inde, muyenera kumasula kupatuka kochokera kumadi osweka ndikuchotsa izi. Kukhazikitsa malaya kumtunda kwa ndodo kumapangidwa motsatizana: sinthani mkuyu. 1), chotsani izi ndikuyika malaya atsopano. Asalcela mumbulera, ndizomveka, zopangidwa motsatizana.
Ntchito yonse yomwe ili pamwambayo imachitidwa pamene mphamvu yamasika yoponderezedwa mbedza. Pamapeto pa kukonza, amawona kukhalapo kwa mbewa izi, amapangitsa kuti nambala yosowa mu mawonekedwe a maambuko opindika kuti musunthe (slot) ya mbedza yomwe ili mzere womwewo ndi kutulutsa kwa mbedza, kumangiriza mbedza manja, kufinya mphamvu masika ndikudula zokongoletsera mu mabowo a tulo.
Kuulula ndi kukupinda maambulera, onani kulondola kwa kukonzanso kwake.
Mu maambulera omwe amawulula, makamaka ndi ndodo ya magawo atatu, mu makina omwe amatseka maambulera, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magetsi omwe amasinthidwa (mu mkuyu. 4 Malo wa kusweka komdwa). Ngati ndizosatheka kusintha makina alephera, imatha kukonzedwa ndikupanga ma 0,2 ... 0,3-millimetern tini. Zikuwonekeratu, kukula kwa kukolola kwa chipongwe kumadalira kukula kwa kanilo ka makina. Mu mkuyu. 5, ndipo ndidabweretsa kukula kwa kukolola kwanji kwa makina osinthika a ambulera yanu, pomwe kukula kwa 35 mm ndi mm kutalika kwa makutu, oyesedwa ndi m'mimba mwake chidacho. Mofananamo, kukula kwa ma billets a ma clamp ndi njira zina zimatsimikizika. Mphepete mwa ntchito yonyamula katundu (ndi mizere yokhazikitsidwa) ndipo, kutsatira m'mbali mwa makutu a makinawo, amasamutsidwa kumphepete mwa makutu ndikuyika molondola kutsegulidwa kwa axis. "Zowonjezera" zowonjezera pa kugwada. Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya matupi a manyowa, ndibwino kuti muchepetse kudula kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a mbale (mkuyu. 5, b), osayiwala kubowola m'mabowo a bowo. Imakhalabe yonyamula katundu, osalola kuti skew, kuyenda mozungulira chubu (ndodo), m'mimba mwake yomwe ikufanana ndi njira yotsekerayo, ndiye kuti, kupita ku nyambo, Pewani zolakwika, nyamula m'malo mwa chofewa ndi nati ndi nati, sonkhanitsani makinawo. Chojambula cha kumaliza chikuwonetsedwa mkuyu. 5, c.
Mutha kukonza makinawo komanso mwanjira ina. Ndi wosavuta kwambiri ndipo kukonzekera kumakhala kochepa, koma makutu sakhala olimba. Pankhaniyi, amatenga Plywood yaying'ono (kapena njanji) ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 5 mm ndikuyika mu slot yamakina osinthika pakati pamakutu osweka. Mwa gawo lotsala, Khutu la Plywood limadziwika ndikuwuma ndi dzenje la axis, amaikidwa m'dzenje loyenerera, amaikidwa pa therere la mainchesiyener mu space, kuchokera ku zinyalala za makutu kapena zinthu zina zoyenera kwa thupi kapena zikulumikizani magawo omwe akusowa. Chotsatira cha malamba (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa, mkuwa), mizere iwiri ya theka la makutu amadulidwa, ndikuwakhazika ndi theka la njenjete. Kuyika theka-kubzala diso, monga tikuwonetsera mkuyu. 6, yotentha ndi chitsulo chosalala-nyukitala, pang'onopang'ono ndikukakamizidwa pamaso. Mtundu wachiwiri theka umagawikanso ucho lina. Amachotsa matope - axis, chotsani Plywood, makutuwo kuti agwire, pambuyo pake amakanikizapo. Musaiwale kuyang'ana mtundu wa kuwotchera mphamvu. (Kwa iwo omwe sanachite nawo mbali zoweta pa pulasitiki, ndikudziwitsa kuti ntchito ngati imeneyi imachitika m'chipinda chabwino chopumira.)
Maambulera a ana omwe awulula zokha zimachitika kuti amasiya kubwerera ku gawo loyambirira la mzere wotsalira pamalo osungira ambulera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti lokoyo imapangidwa ndi chitsulo chowoneka bwino, ndikungogwedeza. Chotsani zovuta izi zitha kukhala mwachangu. Zomwe zingakhale ndi zomwe zingadike pokhoma (mkuyu. 7) Zowona, patapita kanthawi osungira adzataya kachiwiri, motero ndibwino kuti musinthe m'malo mwake ndi malo atsopano kuchokera pa chitsulo chokhazikika. Ngati izi sizilipo, lokhoma sikovuta kupanga zonenepa zokhazokha.
Kwa iwo omwe asankha kuchita Ma ambulera , Ndikupangira kupanga zida zomwe zawonetsedwa mkuyu. 8 ndi 9. Ngakhale ndi akale, koma zochuluka zimasavuta kukonza. Chifukwa chake zokumbira (onani mkuyu 2, a) ayenera kupanga sitampu yophweka. Strap Matrix (mkuyu. 8, a) mafoses kuchokera pa sheet shale steeted ndi makulidwe a 1.5 mm. Pakatikati pa pansi pa "koritca" amapanga ndevu kapena chida china choyenera. Punson (mkuyu. 8, b), zomwe zili mkati mwa zotulukapo, zopangidwa kuchokera kumizere 3 ... 4 mm. Mukamapanga mbale yogona yokhala ndi 45 ... 50 × 13 mm, imayikidwa pa matrix kuti pansi pa mbale pamakhala zolimba, nkhonya zimaperekedwa pamwamba ndikumenya nyundo pa izo. Chilichonse. Chikuto chakonzeka, chimangokhala chongopeza pang'ono. Mwa njira, matrix omwe afotokozedwa pamwambapa adzabweranso ndi okonza, koma Puntson ayenera kupanga watsopano (mkuyu. 8, c). Nthaka yolakwika imayikidwa mu matrix, pambuyo pake amawongola ndi punson.
Ndikofunikirabe kupanga zosintha zotsutsana ndi ma springs (mkuyu. 9). Mfundo yogwirira ntchito iyi ndi yofanana ndi njira yogwirira ntchito yosavuta. Apa, zowombera ziwiri "kuyenda" maupangiri awiri (mkuyu. 10), imodzi yomwe imagwira ntchito ya maziko am'munsi, ndipo ndi gawo lachiwiri ndi gawo la Slider, kukulunga kwa anaankhosa pamagetsi komwe ulusi m6 umadulidwa. Mphepo iliyonse imakhala ndi ma halves awiri (mkuyu. 10, a).
Auzeni pang'ono, pofinyira masika ndi chipangizochi. Choyamba, pini iliyonse (chiongongole), ma halves awiri a omwe amalumphira amavala ndikukhomedwa ndi mwanawankhosa. Msonkhano wathunthu wa fixtaxper umapangidwa mwachindunji pa ambulera. Zomangira zimalumikiza ma halves, zomwe zimachitika kuti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisungunuke zokukulungira ndodo ya ambulera. Tsopano chipangizocho chakonzekera springs. Ingofunika kutulutsa mwanawankhosa. Izi zimathandizanso njira yochotsera ndikukhazikitsa ma crochets a akasupe omwe akufotokozedwa kumayambiriro kwa lembalo.
Pang'ono za nsalu. Mapeto a chipongwe chimakhala ndi minofu ya ambulera. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono amatha kusindikizidwa ndi nsalu yomweyo pogwiritsa ntchito guluu bod-6, lomwe limagulitsidwa mu pharmacies, koma ndizosavuta kujowina, momwe anzanga amakhalira, filimu yotsatsa yokha pamalo owonongeka.
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