Tonsefe takhala tikuphunzirapo kuti ndisanagule kena kake m'sitolo, ndikofunikira kuwerenga mosamala ndi zidziwitso zolembedwa ndi zomwe zatulutsidwa, zomwe alumbira akamasulidwa, ndi moyo uti womwe umapezeka kapangidwe kake. Koma kuwonjezera pa izi chidziwitso chotere pa ma pikiti, pamachubu, michere, monga lamulo, pali zithunzi zina.
M'sitolo yathu pali zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikilo khumi ndi ziwiri patsamba, zimasonkhana ndi imodzi - zithunzi ziwiri. Mwa zisonyezo zomwe zilipo, kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kuli koyenera pa kuyika, koma pali zizindikiro zomwe zimapanga malo opangira phukusi kuti apange chithunzi chake, ndikuwonjezera mtundu wa kampaniyo. Koma ziyenera kunenedwa kuti pazinthu zomwe zimawonetsedwa mumsika waku Russia ziyenera kukhala chizindikiro chimodzi - "East" Ichi ndi chithunzi cha ziwonetsero zazomwe zatulutsidwazo m'maiko omwe ali ndi zibwenzi. Ngati zili Osati, bweza katunduyo kwa alumali.
Zokhoza kuthana ndi zilembo zina? Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri Kodi ndi phindu liti? Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani, mwachitsanzo, mtsuko wokhala ndi manambala komanso chipewa?
Ndipo tikuyamba, mwina, kuchokera ku chithunzicho chomwe sichimapereka chidziwitso chilichonse chogula, koma kutanthauzira kwake kumakhala kopusa nthawi zambiri. (Mkuyu. 1), ikhoza kukhala mtundu wina.
Mobwerezabwereza amayenera kumva kuti mtundu wa makona amakongoletsa zinthu: ngati mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira, zinthu zodzikongoletsera zimakhala zofiira, ngati malowo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, ndipo. t. d.
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| Chiyu. Mwalandirani chubu chowoneka bwino |
M'malo mwake, chithunzichi ndi cholembera cham'mimba (Photometer) cha zida za chubu. Pamaso pa chubu chomalizidwa chisanafike pa ma CD, chimadutsa magawo angapo. Choyamba, ma tubers amaikidwa mu buti, komwe amagwera pagalasi iliyonse yomwe amawakonda, ndipo kapu onse ali ndi mwayi (monga tuba adapita ku station) , momwe malonda ake akudzaza kenako amagunda malo osindikizira. Apa chubu chimasanthula kuno, masiku omwe amabwezeretsa ndikukhazikitsa zochulukirapo za zomwe zikuchitika (zomwe zikubwera), zomwe zidatsala kusindikizidwa. Ndipo ngati chubu sichinakhale cholumikizidwa bwino kwa masiponji am'nyanja, tsitsi likadatha kukhala wokhota (mkuyu. 2). Chifukwa chake, malo odzaza kudzazidwa, Rig ndi mawonekedwe a chubu, ndi makonawo, omwe timalankhula ndi zilembo za oyang'anira ozungulira. Ndipo mtundu wa makonawa umatengera kapangidwe ka chubu.
Njira yonse yopangidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zodzikongoletsera mu machubu amatha kuwona pano: LLC "Korlevvution" kupanga mgwirizano. "
Zitsamba
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| Kute.3. Tuba, chizindikiro cha chiwongola dzanja |
Tsopano zokhudza zithunzi ndi zozizwitsa zopindulitsa kwa wogula. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zotchuka kwambiri pamapulogalamu odzola.
Chizindikiro cha "Eac" chinalowa m'malo mwa zizindikiro zadzikolo, komwe tidazolowera kale.
Pofuna kugawa zopanga zake motsutsana ndi omwenso opanga ena ofanana, kuti atsimikizire za omvera ake, kuti agonjetse omvera omwe akufuna, opanga ena amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa ndipo sapereka ndalama zodzifunira. Khalidwe labwino limatsimikiziridwa ndi ukatswiri wodziyimira pawokha zimachulukitsa zopangidwa ndi zinthu zotere pamsika, ndikutsutsana chifukwa chogula.
Malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo, zinthu zonse zodzikongoletsera, kutengera mitundu, zikutanthauza kulandira kapena kulengeza za kulembetsa, kapena kulembedwa ndi chizindikiro cha chiwomba).
Zizindikiro za alumali
Mtsuko ndi manambala. Chizindikiro ichi chimatanthawuza chomwe chikhala nthawi yomwe tidzatha kugwiritsa ntchito chida chokongoletsa chitatsegulidwa.
Tinachenjezedwe mobwerezabwereza kuti ndikofunikira kuwunika moyo wa alumali pazinthu zodzikongoletsera (komabe, monga zina). Timagula mtsuko wokhala ndi zonona, amakhala alumali, mwachitsanzo, zaka 2. Timatseguka, kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito komanso mu chaka chimodzi tikuona kuti zonona zawonongeka, zomwe zasintha kununkhira, ndipo khungu limayamba kuyikapo zinayamba kuchita ndi zotupa, redness! Sitiganizira kuti zinthu zina zomwe zilipo muzodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera, patapita nthawi pamtsuko wowululidwa imatha maxidize, sinthani mankhwalawo komanso kukhala oopsa. Wopanga zodzola zomwe zinthu zotere zimaphatikizapo kusamalira thanzi lathu, amatichenjeza za ngoziyi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira nthawi yomwe yatchulidwa pa phukusi.
Posachedwa kwambiri, chizindikiro chatsopano cha chithunzi chocheperako cha alumali chayambitsidwa ku European European Main - awa ndi ola la ola loti: Mwina, chizindikirochi chikhoza kuwonekera posachedwa pa zodzoladzola ku Russia ndipo ungakulolezeni kusiya lamulo lofotokoza mawu awiri ozungulira: ofanana ndipo pambuyo potsegulira lero.
Chithunzi chojambula cha dzanja pa buku lotseguka limapereka mwayi wogula kuti pali zambiri zowonjezera pazogulitsa, ndipo ndikofunikira kuzidziwa bwino. Monga lamulo, chizindikirochi chimayikidwa pazakudyazo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuti asamalidwe.
Zizindikiro za Chilengedwe Chachilengedwe
Chizindikiro cha Mebius chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro cha kubwezeretsanso. Icon yotereyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zodzikongoletsera zimatanthawuza kuti makonzedwe a zinthu amapangidwa (kwathunthu kapena gawo) lobwezeretsanso zopangira, kapena kuti ndizoyenera kubwezeretsanso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro ichi pa phukusi sikuwongoleredwa ndi bungwe lililonse ndipo wina akhoza kuyiyika. Chifukwa chake, kwakukulu, kukhalapo kwa chizindikiro ichi sikulankhula ...
Makona atatuwa ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimayikidwa pazinthu zomwe zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, zomwe zimatha kukonzedwa ndi mafakitale. Chiwerengero pakati pa makona atatu ndi zilembo pansipa zimatsimikizira mtundu wa pulasitiki pomwe malonda amapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengerochi ndi kalata yomwe ili pachiwonetserochi ikuwonetsa kuti malonda (akuti, botolo lochokera pansi pa shampoo) limapangidwa ndi polypropylene. Izi zimayambitsidwa kuti zikuthandizire kukonza zotengera zisanayambenso.
Chizindikiro ichi cha phukusi likutipempha kuti tisunge dziko lomwe tikukhala muukhondo, musasunthike, tataya mabokosi omwe ali m'malo omwe adapanga zinyalala). Nthawi zina zolembedwa zoyitanitsa zaukhondo, kapena mawu othokoza ("zikomo"), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika kwa iwo omwe amataya ma tambala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu akasinja. Kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, zitha kusiyanasiyana komanso molingana ndi chithunzithunzi.
Chizindikiro chomwe chimapangidwa mumivi iwiri yomwe imapanga bwalo limatchedwa "malo obiriwira". Amapezeka nthawi zambiri pamapulogalamu a zodzikongoletsera. Itha kukhala yobiriwira komanso yakuda komanso yoyera kapena yobiriwira komanso yoyera, kutengera kapangidwe kake. Imayikidwa pazinthu zamakampani omwe amaononga pulogalamu ya Germany kuti isonkhanitse, kubwezeretsa zinyalala. Komanso, chizindikirochi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chubu, mitsuko ndi mapangidwe ena, otetezeka kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Kunja kwa Germany, chizindikiro chotere sichili choyenera, ndipo mayiko ake saloledwa.
Zizindikiro pa kunyamula zodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera
Ngakhale mabotolo ochokera ku zodzikongoletsera, mutha kuwona chithunzi chowonetsera kalilole ndi chisa. Zikutanthauza kuti phukusi lomwe limayikidwa ndendende ndi zodzoladzola.
Nthawi zina pamabotolo ndi mabanki okhala ndi zodzola, timakumana ndi chizindikiro chotere. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kuwerengedwa kuti: "Kuyika kumapangidwa ndi zinthu zosakayika." Koma, monga lamulo, chizindikiro chotere chimapezeka kwambiri pamapulogalamu, chidebe, mbale za chakudya.
Zizindikiro za zodzikongoletsera
Tsopano chitetezo chambiri cha nyama chimatumizidwa padziko lapansi. Limodzi mwazinthu zoterezi ndi kuthana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zosavomerezeka m'mitundu ina ya zinthu zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, timayang'ana mafilimuwo ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa nyama komanso m'malo omwe tikulemba zomwe sizinyama zomwe zidadwala. Opanga zodzikongoletsera amagwiranso ntchito imeneyi. Pamapulogalamu a zodzikongoletsera (makamaka kulowetsedwa) Tikuwona chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a bunny wokongola. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chida sichinadutse nyama. (Zowona, pankhaniyi, funso lingabuke, ndipo zodzikongoletsera izi zidachita bwanji mayesero azachipatala?)
Ndikufuna kuyimitsa chithunzi chimodzi, chomwe chikuwonetsa apulo. Chizindikiro chotere chimayikidwa pazinthu zodzikongoletsera, zomwe zimakhala ndi zoopsa, za carcinogenic komanso zopweteka. Ichi ndi chizindikiro choyang'ana zopangidwa ndi bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi kuti muthane ndi matenda onena za oncology.
Zizindikiro zachilengedwe
"Zithunzi" zachilengedwe "zosiyanasiyana. Kukhalapo kwa iwo pa phukusi kumatanthauza kutsatira zinthu zachilengedwe: Zogulitsa sizimakhala mu kapangidwe kake kosakaniza, ndipo zopanga sizikhudza chilengedwe ndi anthu.
Kalatayo "E", inamaliza mozungulira - chizindikiro chachilengedwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia.
Ndipo Malangizo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogulitsa za European Union:
Zizindikiro za Biois, Eco-, zodzikongoletsera zachilengedwe
Posachedwa, mawu oterewa monga zachilengedwe, zodzoladzola zachilengedwe, zodzola zachilengedwe zakhala pafupifupi chizindikiro. M'mayiko otukuka kumene, zodzoladzola zoterezi zikufunikira kwambiri, ndipo wogula amapitilira ndalama zambiri ndi chithunzi cha chizindikiro cha zodzoladzola zoterezi.
Zogulitsa zodziwika ndi Bio ndi Eco ndi ECO ndi ECO ndi ECO ndi ECO ndi ECO ndi ECOS ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yambiri: iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zina zosakaniza zachilengedwe; Zomera zomera ziyenera kupezeka ndi mbewu zawo, zomwe zimalimidwa m'malo achilengedwe komanso paukadaulo wokhazikitsidwa; Pamene mbewu zakulima, kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa organic ndi mchere kumayendetsedwa; Kulimbana ndi namsongole kuyenera kuchitika mwamphamvu, ndipo ndi tizirombo - mankhwala osawerengeka kapena adani achilengedwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; Zogulitsa siziyenera kukhala zopangidwa ndi zopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake, zonunkhira, utoto ndi mafuta zopaka mafuta.
Pa zilembo zokhala ndi zinthu zoterezi, zambiri ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: kuchuluka kwa bio - zosakaniza, zomwe zimasungidwa ngati gawo la asterisk (*).
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ku Europe palibe chizindikiro chogwirizana ndi boma. Ntchito zotsimikizira za Certification zikuchitika m'mabungwe omwe ali ndi akatswiri komanso akatswiri apadera. labotale. Mabungwe aliwonse amenewa ali ndi logo yake. Nazi zina mwa zilembo zodziwika bwino kwambiri zamagulu osiyanasiyana omwe amapezeka pa zomwe zimayambitsa zodzoladzola:
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| Zaya | USA | Ku Germany | 10 | England | Ku Germany | USA | Zaya | 10 |
Ndipo m'dziko lathu, kusagwirizana ndi "kusagwirizana ndi zilankhulo" (Noch) adapanga dongosolo la chitsimikizo cha zonunkhira zachilengedwe komanso zodzikongoletsera "Bio.Rus. Muyezo waku Russia wapangidwa, mfundo zoyambira za zomwe mukupanga, zowongolera, posankha zosakaniza, monga mu mfundo zakunja. Muyeso umapereka mndandanda wazosakaniza zachilengedwe, zosakaniza zachilengedwe zoyambira, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga bio, ndipo mndandandawu umasinthidwa chaka chilichonse.
Ndipo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti odzilemekeza okha, omwe amapanga zodzola zachilengedwe, sadzagwiritsa ntchito cellophane kapena polyethylene pakupanga zinthu zake. Bokosi kapena Paketing Pensulo liyenera kukhala lokha kuchokera kokha kuchokera kokha kuchokera kokha mababu a chubu
Zizindikiro za mpikisano wosiyanasiyana waku Russia ndi ndalama
Kuyambira 1998, mpikisano wotsala wa Russia "chinthu chabwino kwambiri cha Russia" chimachitika pachaka. Mpikisano umasungidwa ndi Dostandard, Magazini ndi mtundu "komanso maphunziro a mavuto abwino ndipo ali ndi logo yake. Mabizinesi omwe amatsimikizira kutsatira zomwe zaperekedwa ndi zofunikira zawo zapamwamba zimatha kutsatira chizindikiro ichi.
Kuyambira chiyambi cha 2000, mpikisano wa boma la Russian Federation pankhani ya katundu yomwe yachitika ku Russia. Ziwonetsero - Mpikisano "zonse za ku Russia. Chizindikiro cha m'zaka za zana la XXI ", zomwe zimachitika kuti ndiomwe amawafotokozera za zothandizira: Platinam, Golide, siliva ndi mkuwa. Pasanathe zaka ziwiri, mwini wake wa Chizindikiroyi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chake pazogulitsa zake, ndipo kutha kwa nthawi imeneyi kuyenera kutsimikizira zomwe zapezeka. Mpikisanowu umakhala ngati chitukuko cha msika wapabanja komanso zachilengedwe za mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri, komanso kuyambitsa kwatsopano matekinoloje amakono kuti apange zodzoladzola zoterezi.
Chizindikiro cha mpikisano wina wapadziko lonse pazakudya zodzikongoletsera zimatanthawuza kuti malonda awa ambiri aku Russia amawona zabwino.
Zizindikiro Zolemera
Kalata ya Chilatini E, kuyimirira pambuyo polemba, zikutanthauza kuti kulemera (kapena voliyumu (kapena voliyumu) yomwe imapangidwa yokhayokha yafotokozedwa popanda kulongedza, ndipo izi zimafanana ndi "kulemera kodziwika".
Ndipo ngati pali chithunzi, chitsimikiziro pafupi ndi chiwerengerochi, ichi. Kulemera kapena voliyumu ndi phukusi ("lalikulu")
Pazinthu zopangidwa ndi opanga Europe, voliyumu nthawi zina imawonetsedwa mu madzi oz. Kutanthauzira mamiliriti kwa ife kotheka kwa ife, kuchulukitsa manambala pamaso pa chithunzi cha 30.
Chizindikiro
Monga lamulo, opanga onse ali ndi logo yawo - chizindikiro chowoneka bwino, chizindikiro chomwe chimapangidwa pamtengowo ndi chizindikiro cha wopanga, lomwe limapangitsa kuzindikira kwa bungweli, komanso kuteteza Wopanga pa mpikisano wosayenera, umakupatsani mwayi woteteza ufulu wanu ngati utalowa. Kwa wogula, kupezeka kwa Trademark kuli ndi wopanga yemwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino, yokhazikika ndi chitsimikizo cha mtundu.
Tinauza kutali ndi anthu onse ndi zithunzi zomwe zingatithane nafe pa zomwe tikupanga zodzikongoletsera. Wopanga aliyense akufuna kulimbikitsa zinthu zake pamsika, pogwiritsa ntchito zipsera zonse za "kutsatsa". Koma titabwerezanso kuti payenera kukhala chizindikiro chimodzi chokha pazogulitsa - ndi chizindikiro cha kufafaniza zinthu m'maiko omwe ndi mamembala amtundu wa makonda.
Sangalalani ndi kugula kwanu, ndikuti abweretsenso chisangalalo.
Chiyambi