Ba duk abubuwa masu mahimmanci ba da kuma abubuwa masu amfani a cikin duniya an ƙirƙira su ko kuma ƙirƙira musamman. Wasu hannun Hannun mutane waɗanda ke amfana, suna sauƙaƙa ko sauƙaƙe rayuwarmu tare da ku, ba su ƙare da aikin aikin masana ba kuma suka zama mafi kyau kwatsam. Na gabatar da ku 10 irin wadannan halittu.
Kankara lolly
Inventor: Frank epperson
A zahiri, mai shekaru 11 da haihuwa ba kawai samar da juyin juya halin abinci a titi ba, amma kuma ya zama mawallafin girke-girke na farko na girke-girke na duniya. A cewar almara, da maraice, yaron ya manta a kan gilashin gilashi tare da soda (wannan lokacin hunturu), wanda wand ya kasance a cikin gilashin, wanda ya kasance a cikin wani ruwa, wanda soda foda ya kasance a cikin ruwa. Shekaru 18, a cikin 1923, matasa masu amfani da matasa sun yi amfani da nasarorin da aka samu a cikin harkar waje kuma ya bude ciniki a cikin lemun tsami. Wata shekara daga baya, mai kirkirar masu arziki akan "Epsyclach" (kamar yadda aka kira su) sosai har ya sanya ƙirar fansa, ya mallaka da ƙirƙirar "popc kamfani". Bayan sayar da lamben patent a 1928, epperson ya karɓi cirewar daga kowane "Pechcent" wanda aka sayar a Amurka; By 1983, lokacin da alama ta sayi mafi girman abinci na duniya mafi girma a duniya ", farashinsa ya kai dala miliyan 155.
Super manue
Inventor: Harry Kutover
A lokacin Chemist na biyu na Amurka, Ketutver, wanda ya shugabanci kungiyar bincike a kamfanin "Gabatarwa Kodak", an tsunduma cikin ci gaban kayan kwalliya na duniya. Bai yi nasara a cikin gani ba, amma a lokacin Ofaya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen, duk ƙungiyar a zahiri "HP sama" a cikin abu, sakamakon Superclaim. Ta 1958, an saki manne a cikin taro mai wuya; A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, Kouet halartar cikin ci gaba da samar da wani nau'ikan 320, incl. manne don ɗaure raunuka da kuma rufe bakin teku. Daga lokacin mutuwar masanin kimiyya a shekarar 2011, ba shi da mallakar lissafi 460.
Matsa fenti
Inventor: William Henry Perkin
Wani "" mara amfani "mai ilmin jiki mai lalacewa - a wannan lokacin daga Burtaniya - da yawa shekaru kuma dage ƙoƙarin samun ... magani daga zazzabin cizon sauro. A sakamakon haka, a cikin shekarar 1856th, binciken Perkin ya bi da shi don ƙirƙirar fikafikan duniya na farkon duniya, kuma percin, kada ku zama wawa, da sauri ya tanadi sabuwar magana. Ba da daɗewa ba ya buɗe masana'antu kusa da London, kuma ta 1862th mai launin shuɗi mai sanyin gwiwa wanda Sarauniyar Victoria ta faɗi a cikin kaya fentin. Kuma, duk da cewa farin ciki ga danshi da sauri ya tafi ba, a kasa da shekaru 10 perkin ya yi nasarar samun masana'antun, a cikin 60s sun ba da masana'antar da kansa don bincike.
Teflon
Inventor: Roy Weathett
Wani ganowa ya aikata saboda mantuwa da low yanayin zafi. Roy na Amurka Roy Parteretted tare da Gase Properties a lokacin ci gaban abubuwa masu sanyaya. Dama, barin ɗayan samfurori a kan titi, da safe, na shafa ya gano cewa abu ya taurare kuma ya juya ya zama mai kama da kakin zuma. Fif dubawa ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1945, kamfanin wanda shirin ya yi aiki a cikin kayan dambe na samfuran kayayyaki (daga jita-jita na ƙarfe zuwa rufin kebul). Zuwa yau, sabuwar sabuwar dabara ta kawo marubucin sa da kuma Kamfanin Kamfanin Kamfanin dalar Amurka; A karshen, ta hanyar, ya mamaye matsayi na kashi uku a cikin duniyar 'yan wasan Christent.
Filastik rake
Inventor: Leo Hendrik Baklanka
Ana amfani da polymer gasa a cikin samar da kayan gida, lantarki da jita-jita. Ba ya narke, ba ya zafi da zafi, yana tsayayya da karce, matsin lamba, tashin hankali, sauƙaƙe mai kyau, sauƙaƙe da kuma kula da rakumi kusan ko'ina - duka a cikin Injiniya da samar da makamai da kuma injiniyan lantarki (wayoyi, wayoyin lantarki, saiti, masana'antu, masu kida, Chess, Siens, da sauransu).
Koyaya, asalin Belgian Baklan Baklalan yana neman wani abu daban-daban na halitta - wanda aka maye gurbinsa don resin fati wanda aka sake, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don samar da varnishes da zanen. Shellac shima ya motsa da kyau tasiri ta zahiri ta waje, amma a lokaci guda yana ƙonewa daidai. Bayan ya karbi a cikin gida, wanda ya kirkirar akwatin gidan Belgium din nan da nan ya kashe mutum biyu a lokaci daya - ya sami abin da yake nema biyu, kuma a lokaci guda mai mahimmanci polymer da filastik farko na farko. A cikin 1910, gasan an daidaita binciken, ya haifar da kamfanin "Baktelit Corporation" kuma ya kara da yawa daga miliyoyin daloli zuwa da ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba tare da wannan ba.
Petrolatum
Inventor: Robert Chizbro
A cikin shekarar 1859, dan wasan kwaikwayo na Chemist na shekara 22 Chennsylvania don gwada hannunsa a cikin masana'antar mai. A cikin kyakkyawar rana ɗaya a kowane ma'ana, ya sami wani abu mai ƙarfi a ƙasan ƙirar mai, wanda aka kira man paraffin ko "kakin zuma matosai" kuma yana ƙone don warkar da cutarwa da ƙonewa don warkaswa. Wani kamfani mai gudanarwa ya dauki samfurin tare da shi, yayi nazarin abu kuma ya fitar da kayan da ake dasu daga ciki. A cikin 1872, ya mallaka vazeline da shirya samarwa, daga tsakiyar shekarun 1870 da Barcelona, kuma a cikin 1911, tsire-tsire na Chizbro sun riga sun shiga cikin mutane da yawa na Turai da Afirka. A lokacin, a cikin 1987, kamfanin ya sami duk wannan "mai bayyana", ta kawo sama da $ 75 miliyan kudin shiga na shekara-shekara.
Fterina
Inventor: Joseph McVicker
Kafin zama daya daga cikin nishaɗin yaran da ya fi so, an yi amfani da filastik na shekaru 22 kamar ... tsaftace kayan aiki don fuskar bangon waya. Koyaya, a cikin 1954th, suriki na Joe Mcviker - ma'aikaci na masana'anta na filastik - ya ɗauki wani abu na kindergarten, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin malami don nuna wa yara. Filastik filastik ya sa wannan ya zama da farin cikin yara, wanda, bayan labarin surukin, McVicker nan da nan ya fahimci ƙimar kasuwancinsa na gaskiya kuma ya shigar da ra'ayin shugabancinsa. Bude a cikin bitar kamfanin, Chemist ya kara dyes da almond dandu zuwa filastik (a lokaci guda ci gaba da kasuwanci na bangon bangon waya "na $ 0.34) kuma a cikin shekaru hudu sun karu da fa'idodin kamfanin Daga dala 100,000 zuwa miliyan uku a shekarar 1960 ya rabu da babban kamfanin kuma ya zama mai mallakar masana'antar; B1964-m Macviper na Siyar da Patent don $ 18 miliyan.
Lambobi "post - shi"
Inventor: Arthur soya
Zancen Allah ya sauko don soya a ranar Lahadi da safe na 1973, lokacin da ya rera cikin Choir Choir. Layi na Fray mai waƙoƙi wanda aka gabatar dashi, don haka an harbe mawaƙa mara amfani daga kalmomi kuma an tilasta sake sake bincika shafin da ya dace. Sannan ya tuna da karawa juna sani na Exentor-fensher Spenger Azurfa, inda ya ziyarci 'yan kwanaki da suka gabata: Amma har sai ya san inda zan same shi amfani da kasuwanci. Kuma toya samu. Gaskiya ne, kan aiwatar da tasowa, gudanar da bincike na kasuwanci da aiwatarwa a samarwa ya ɗauki kusan shekaru 8, amma tabbas sakamakon ya cancanci hakan. Zuwa kwanan wata, kusan tubalan biliyan 6 suna sayar kowace shekara; Kamfanin masana'antun masana'antu yana samar da nau'ikan nau'ikan lambobi 400 da kuma litattafan rubutu kuma suna sayar da su sama da ƙasashe sama da 100 a duniya.
Microwave
Inventor: Percy Spencer
Yin gwaji tare da na'urar don gano jirgin gaba, injiniyan Amurka Percy Speccer ba da gangan ba a narke sandar cakulan a aljihun nasa. Masanin kimiyya da sauri ya fahimci cewa aka yiwa cewa alama ce ta radawa na lantarki, kuma ci gaba da bincika kaddarorinsu akan sauran abinci. A yayin zanga-zangar su bude, Spences ta fashe qwai sau da yawa, shirya pop-tushen sau da yawa, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1940 ya mallaka murhun obin kuma ya ba da kyau ga samarwa. A bara, juyin zamani yana da babban kwangila na Ma'aikatar Tsaro na Amurka da kuma masana'antun masana'anta na farko - ya kai dala biliyan 25; Langoes Spencer ya mamaye matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa da shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa.
Lipucca runguma
Inventor: George de Mesterner
A shekara ta 1941, bayan da safe da safiya kauyen SWiss vegen, masanin masanin George de Mesadral tsawo da kuma aikata zane na thistle daga wando na wasanni. Shahararren "pontaling" na wannan shuka, a karkashin mishan furanni a karkashin microscope da aka bayar tare da ɗaruruwan da suka shafi bogs, watsawa saman ƙugiya. Kasancewar savings a cikin fannoni da yawa na kimiyya, de Mesterner ya fara haɓaka sabon abu mai sauri, kuma cikin shekaru goma na farko da velcro ya bayyana akan sayarwa. Koyaya, don samun shahararrun masu amfani a cikin sabuwar dabara, an riga an fara amfani da kusan shekaru 20: a farkon 70s, da kuma siyar da kayan da suka fara don girma da yawa. A cewar matar ta marigayi de Mistral, shekaru 30 da suka gabata ya ci gaba da ciyar da dangi a kan abin da ya shafi kayan aikinsa.
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