Ina samun yawan tambayoyi game da zaɓin kayan ƙasa, don haka bari muyi la'akari da cikakken wannan tambayar da kuma yanke da babu madadin abin kankare. Wannan shine mafi kyawun kayan don ɗaukar kaya da kewayen gine-ginen kowane bene. Idan kana son samun "gidan babban gidan, to kawai ba ku da zaɓuɓɓuka. Kuma abu mafi mahimmanci shine cewa ƙarfin-ingantacciyar gidan mafi kyawun kayan aiki na iya zama da daɗi don aiki koda ba ku da alaƙa da babbar hanyar gas. Kuma duk wannan mai yiwuwa ne ba tare da ƙarin rufi ba!
Almara? A'a, kimiyyar lissafi kawai kuma babu yaudara. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, na gina irin wannan gidan kuma na shirya don raba gwanina na aiki da makamashi na zamani-ingantaccen gidan da aka yi da shi ne kawai tare da wutar lantarki.
Tafi!
A cikin wannan labarin muna la'akari da manyan gidaje na dutse. A zahiri, akwai wani tsarin fasahar gini, amma zamu dube shi a cikin kayan daban.
Aired kwastomomi ba shi da matsala a cikin fasahar gini fiye da yadda, alal misali, geotextile ko cirewa polystyrene kumfa. Tarihin Airyatar da aka fara da 30s na karni na ƙarshe, don haka kayan ya riga ya wuce gwajin da muke ciki. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa babu wani nau'in kankare da za a iya la'akari da shi , don haka yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da halaye na ainihi daga takamaiman masana'antun.
Wannan yana da alaƙa da babban mara kyau, wanda ya shafi cibiyar sadarwa. A Cancancin da ba cin zarafin fasaha ba zai sami isasshen ƙarfi da juriya da zafi ba. Don haka ba zai sami wani fa'idodi idan aka kwatanta da tubalin talakawa ba. Abu na biyu muhimmin abu shine kiyaye mai fasaha yayin aiki tare da yanayin da aka tsara.
An daɗe an san cewa gini da aminci da fasaha ba wai kawai rahusa bane, amma da sauri. Abin takaici, mutane da yawa sun fi son rikitar da fasahar, sannan kuma a shawo kan matsalolin rasa ba lokaci ba, har ma da kuɗi. Bayan haka, a bayyane yake cewa kayan ingancin marasa inganci da ke tattare da keta fasaha bazai haifar da wani abu mai kyau ba.
Don haka, ɗauka don misali gida na na gina a cikin 2012. Wannan babbar gidan ƙasa ne a kan farantin farantin tare da bangon bango da kuma gunkin monolithic tare da rufin lebur (Green) rufin. An ba da shawara a cikin 2014. Ga kowane mutum, yana da mahimmanci cewa gidan ba shi da tsada a cikin gini da tattalin arziki a aikace. Ni ba banbanci bane a nan. Saboda haka, mafi mahimmancin rikodin lokacin zabar kayan don bango shine yanayin canja wuri mai canzawa. Bayan haka, idan bango yayi sanyi, zan kawai duhun titi. Kuma wannan ya cika makamashi da sanyi a cikin gidan (a cikin maganganun rashin iskar gas da ke iyakance a cikin SNT).
Sabili da haka, na zaɓi mafi kyawun dukkanin fasahar samarwa - bango mai-kuri'ar da aka yi da ta YTON da kauri daga 375 mm. Masonry ya tsananin tsananin gwargwadon fasahar tare da sanding na m a jere da amfani da manne na musamman na ski - ƙasa da zafi zafi). A zahiri, na huta da tsalle-tsalle akan windows da ƙofar, da kuma kewaye na monolithic overlap. Na kuma kula da kasancewar wuraren buɗe ido a saman buɗewa.
A waje bango kawai filla da ciminti thermal insulating filastar tare da kauri na 10 mm kuma an rufe shi da farin ciminti (har yanzu ba zan sami lokaci don fenti bango).
A cikin wannan labarin: an sanya bango da bakin ciki (6 mm) Layer na filastar filastar, kaifi da fentin. Yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa da aka sanya kayan kwalliyar kwalliya suna da kusan cikakkiyar geometry - wannan ya ba da rashin tubalin ciminti tare da kauri na 2 cm) da Sauki mai sauƙin aiki. Aired colcrete ana sauƙaƙe sarrafa shi da sauƙi bango za'a iya sanya shi don Litinin wutan lantarki tare da ya yi fallasa.
Ana amfani da bangon bangon waya azaman gama gari, kawai an zana bango ko fale-fale (a cikin gidan wanka). Aired kankare har yanzu yana da ban mamaki sosai saboda yana da sauƙin rataye wani abu. Gwada, alal misali, ci ƙusa a cikin bango na tubalin don rataye hoto. Ba tare da rawar jiki ba / turare, ba za ku yi nasara ba cikin wani abu, kuma zaku iya ɗaukar ƙusa a cikin kayan ƙirar gas ba tare da wasu matsaloli ba (don zanen wannan fiye da isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshen isasshe (don zanen wannan fiye da isa). Sun so su cire hoton zuwa sabon wuri - kawai suna cire ƙusa, kuma a bangon da za ku kasance rami na banbanci tare da diamita na 1-2 mm. Kuma a cikin tubalin tubalin za a sami alamar wata dowel tare da diamita na 5-7 mm. Idan muna magana ne game da saurin tsawan abubuwa masu nauyi, to duk abin da ya fi sauki a nan. Musamman idan idan aka kwatanta da void brick wanda wanne amai masu guba za su yi amfani da su. Don sananniyar kankare, akwai wasu dunƙule na musamman ko duhuruwan duniya (da waɗanda aka sayar a cikin kowane kantin sayar da kayan gini) - a kan irin wannan dowels ina da ruwa (90 kilogiram), a Kitchen ya kafa, matakala a karkashin rufin da sauran abubuwa masu nauyi.
A sakamakon haka, na sami cikakkiyar kewaye, a kiyaye shi mai kiyaye ƙwayar gidan daga cikin gidan daga sanyi. Gwaje-gwaje ta amfani da Airfields da aka nuna cewa ana rufe gidan kuma, saboda haka, babu fasa a cikin tsarin fadakarwa. Bangarwar da aka yi amfani da ita a kan dukkan farfajiya an dorawa da waje, kuma daga ciki, da kuma daga ciki, waɗanda suke kawar da yanke hukunci a cikin seams. Kuma wannan shine mafi yawan tanadi kai tsaye kan albarkatun makamashi.
Airated kankare za a iya rage ba tare da wata matsala ba (idan kun yanke shawarar gina gida don kewayen polar da'ira), ko yin ƙarin banbanci na ci gaba ta amfani da tubalin. Amma mafi mahimmancin fa'idar da aka yi amfani da shi shine cewa ya haɗu da halaye biyu mafi mahimmanci: ƙarfin rikitarwa da kuma halayen da aka yi. Aired kankare za a iya amfani da lafiya a cikin katangar bangon mai ɗaukar kaya na fannoni biyar (!) Yayin da yake da ƙananan ƙamshi da gaske fiye da yadda ya dace ko tubali.
Kuma a nan ya zama bayyananne cewa kankare ko tubalin babu damar amfani da shi a cikin gini mai ƙarancin ƙasa. Domin yana da tsawo, mai tsada da sanyi. Anan bari mu ɗauki gidana misali na yi la'akari da kudin idan na zama shi daga bulo.
Amma kafin a ci gaba da lissafin ina so in nuna muku wani hoto daga thermal Dabarar nazari (duba cikakken rahoton a kan blog), wanda na yi a watan Janairu a bara, a lokacin da akwai wani zazzabi kasa -15 digiri Celsius. Kula da gidan da yake a bango. Ba mu da sha'awar abin da aka gina ta (a zahiri, daga tubalan slaags da kuma insed tare da kumfa). Muna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa ba a sarrafa gidan ba kuma ba mai zafi ba duk hunturu. Kuma a cikin goshi, zaka ga gidana da ke mai zafi. Kuma kawai a kan "haske" a cikin hoto daga kan thermal Imel za'a iya fahimtar Windows cewa hakan yayi haka. Kula da Haɗin kai ga daidaitaccen Masonry Masonry da kuma rashin asarar zafi ta hanyar bango. Misali, zaku iya buɗe Yandex neman hotuna don ganin yadda suke yawanci suna kallon gidajen tubali. A nan, gidana kusan baya ya tsaya daga wuri mai kewaye.
Yanzu mun tafi lissafin canja wurin zafin rana. Ba zan yi jigilar ku da dabaru ba, za mu yi la'akari da kawai da fahimta. Don haka, don farawa, ɗauki tushen tushe, kuma ba Ababby ba, rahoton gwajin hukuma, wanda aka tabbatar da hatimin cibiyar bincike. Bari in tunatar da kai cewa na yi amfani da shinge D400 da kauri na 375 mm.
Amma jadawalin asarar zafi, wanda kuke buƙatar ƙoƙari. A bayyane yake an gani a nan cewa asarar zafi na wuraren kewayawa yana ƙara manyan abubuwa uku:
1. Windows da kofofin;
2. Ganuwa;
3. Fitar da (bene / rufi).
A lokaci guda, wuraren sanyi mafi sanyi a kowane gida koyaushe zai zama windows kuma ba koyaushe Windows ɗin canja wurin zafi daidai yake da 1.05. Amma ganuwar gidaje da aka gina a tsakiyar yankin (yankin Moscow) dole ne ta rage yawan juriya zafi daidai da 2.99 (m² • ˚с) / W. Kuma lura cewa matsakaicin dumama ya kamata ya kasance a kan rufin.
Amma yanzu ba mu magana game da windows da mamaye, amma game da bango. Don haka, cewa gidanmu zai amsa ka'idodi na makamashi na yanzu, juriya na canja wurin zafin ya kamata ya zama kasa da 3.0. Muna amfani da shi, alal misali, wannan kalkuleta da canza bayanai daga tsarin gwajin da ke sama. Kuma mun sami hakan
Tsayayya da yanayin yanayin rufewa [R] = 3.57
Lafiya, za mu kasance da gaske: la'akari da heterogenity na Masonry (Seams da kusurwa. Bari rage tsayayyen yanayin tsayayyen yanayin zafi ya zama daidai da 3.28. Kuma wannan tsarkakakken bango ne na kankare, ba tare da la'akari da ƙarin Layer Layer daga ciki da waje. Wato, a zahiri, yanayin canja wurin zafi zai ɗan ƙara ƙaruwa.
Misali, muna ɗaukar Masonry na bulo na yawan adadin tsararren yanki na 1800 kilogiram / m³ akan ciminti-yashi. Tare da murfin bango na 375 mm, juriya na canja wurin zafi zai zama kawai 0.62! Wannan kusan sau 6 "sanyi" fiye da kwanciya na kayan kwalliya. Wato, ingantaccen ƙarfin kuzari na tubalin bango ya kamata ya zama kauri fiye da mita 2. Ka fahimci cewa wannan maganar banza ce kuma ba wanda zai gina irin wannan kauri irin kauri a cikin karamin tashin hankali. Don haka dole ne ya gina bangon bulo zuwa ɗaya ko rabi na bulo, sannan kuma yana daɗaɗɗe yana sa zuciya. Kuma bayan rufin, har yanzu yana tunanin yadda ake ɗaure rufin da aka gama zuwa rufi. Watau, a wannan yanayin, muna daukakkowa da aikin ginin.
Kuma game da hadaddun masonry, gaskiyar cewa ɗaya mai-gas-kankare (625x250x375 mm) a cikin girma 20 (250x120x65 mm) la'akari da ciminti. Kuma don saka tubalin 20, kamar kilo 1.5-2 na mafita za a buƙaci (idan ya isa ya yi aiki tare da mitar magani, irin wannan mafi yawan bayani don kunna sama da 20 a cikin tsari na kwastomomi). Wannan shine tattalin arzikin aikin tubar. Wannan shine, kawai a kan ginin gidan tubalin da kuka wuce sosai.
Amma mafi yawan tin zai fara yayin aiki. Yi aiki da House House One idan ba ku da "Unlimited" da mai zafi mai laushi (babba) ba zai yiwu ba, saboda Kuna damuwa ba wanda ya isa daga cikin ɗaukar wutar lantarki (daidaitaccen 15 KW).
Idan ganuwar gidanku an tsallake a cikin ka'idodin yanzu game da juriya na zafi, to, zaku iya ɗaukar gida mai fasinja da dutse ba tare da wasu matsaloli ba tare da taimakon wutar lantarki.
Kammalawa a bayyane yake - a cikin babban tsallan ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙasa, hanyoyin da aka samar da ingantaccen kayan aikin ƙwarewa ba kawai ba. A lokaci guda, idan muka yi la'akari da darajar karshe na tsare-tsaren na kewayawa, sai ya juya cewa irin wannan matsalar ba ce kawai a cikin tsarin ginin ba, har ma yayin aiki.
P.S. Tabbas, kar a manta cewa ingancin makamashi ba wai kawai ganuwar ba, har ma da Windows / kofofin, tushe, tushe). Kuma, ba shakka, samar da iska. Sai kawai lokacin aiwatar da dukkan yanayi, gidan na iya la'akari da ƙarfin kuzari.
tushe